Vitrectomy for macular hemorrhage associated with retinal arterial macroaneurysm

Macular hole formation after macular haemorrhage associated with rupture of retinal arterial macroaneurysm

“…Our results and previous reports have suggested that multiple causative mechanisms may operate during formation of MHs associated with rupture of a retinal arterial macroaneurysm 8 9 10 11 12 13. Tashimo et al 11 reported that MHs occurred in 5.3% of 75 cases with a ruptured retinal arterial macroaneurysm and that the MH group had a significantly shorter distance from the macroaneurysm to the fovea and a significantly greater incidence of subretinal haemorrhage involving the macula than the non-MH group.…”

“…MHs are also rarely associated with retinal vascular disease, such as proliferative diabetic retinopathy,5 hypertensive retinopathy6 and congenital retinal arteriovenous communication 7 8. With respect to retinal arterial macroaneurysm, only a few cases of MH associated with the rupture of a macroaneurysm have been reported 8 9 10 11 12 13. The frequency of occurrence of MHs and risk factors for their formation associated with the rupture of a retinal arterial macroaneurysm have never been fully evaluated.…”

Visual outcome after vitreous, sub-internal limiting membrane, and/or submacular hemorrhage removal associated with ruptured retinal arterial macroaneurysms

“…We did not perform a subretinal drainage if the amount of submacular hemorrhage was low or of an extent that still allowed visualization of the choroidal markings. Although the report by Zhao et al did not provide a description of criteria for assessing the amount of subretinal hemorrhage [5], the visual acuity prognosis was better in the eyes on which a subretinal drainage was not performed than in the eyes in which there was dense submacular hemorrhage. Bennett et al reported that the thickness of the subretinal hemorrhage had an effect on the visual acuity prognosis [3].…”

“…Consequently, many previous reports of the natural history of ruptured RAM have described results without an accurate diagnosis of the distribution of hemorrhage, thereby leaving behind a significant problem in terms of selecting an appropriate treatment [1][2][3][4]. In addition, although there have been several reports related to the surgical results of submacular hemorrhage associated with the rupture of RAM [5][6][7], we are unaware of reports describing surgical results on large numbers of cases and targeted to all cases of hemorrhage associated with ruptured RAM (including vitreous hemorrhage and premacular hemorrhage).…”

Long-term, therapy-related visual outcome of 49 cases with retinal arterial macroaneurysm: a case series and literature review

“…ILM puncture with a yttrium aluminium garnet (YAG)-laser is an alternative in cases with subhyaloidal bleeding 17 18. It is likely that removal of subretinal blood is essential for visual recovery, since subretinal blood induces retinal degeneration within a few weeks 13 14 16. Without treatment, ruptured RAMA tends to turn into a disciform fibrotic scar 2 8…”