Vitiligo: A Narrative Review Article

Abstract

Vitiligo, a common depigmenting cutaneous condition, is thought to affect 0.5%-2% of the world's population. During this condition, melanocytes are selectively lost, resulting in non-scaly, chalky-white macules. Achromic macules and patches are side effects of the multifaceted disease vitiligo, defined as the absence of epidermal pigmentation. The causes of this disaster are three significant factors. A suppressed reaction to touch allergens is one of many abnormal activities of the hypopigmented epidermis, which has also been observed in hypopigmented rats. The white epidermis of people with albinism, which is the same color as vitiligo, is more vulnerable to skin carcinoma; the white epidermis of people with vitiligo does not develop non-melanoma skin carcinoma. The overall etiology of vitiligo, which is now categorically recognized as an immunological illness, has made significant strides in recent years. Even though vitiligo is frequently dismissed as an esthetic issue, it can have serious mental consequences and significantly interfere with daily life. A global consensus in 2011 classified segmental vitiligo separately from all other types of vitiligo. The term vitiligo has been repurposed to refer to various types of nonsegmental vitiligo. There are numerous pharmaceutical procedures available on the market that aim to stop the development of and induce epidermal repigmentation. Variable levels of skin pigmentation have been observed with such therapies, either alone or in combination, and their predominance was safe and efficient. There are few vitiligo treatments available, and none of them can reliably cause repigmentation in every individual. Individualized management is required depending on geography, physical appearance, and the presence of illness activities. The preceding study aims to provide insight into the potential prospects of vitiligo medication while also summarizing the current body of knowledge on the condition.

Melanin Biopolymers in Pharmacology and Medicine—Skin Pigmentation Disorders, Implications for Drug Action, Adverse Effects and Therapy

“…Multifunctional hypopigmentation disorder—vitiligo is the most common skin depigmentation disorder, affecting on average 0.5–2% of the total population. Vitiligo is characterized by the local loss of functional melanocytes, resulting in pigment dilution and the appearance of white patchy depigmentation [ 140 ]. Vitiligo is an autoimmune disease that results in the progressive destruction of skin melanocytes by multiple mechanisms.…”

Vitiligo - aspectos epidemiológicos, fisiopatológicos e manejo terapêutico

“…É caracterizado por longos períodos de estabilidade e curtos períodos de crise, em que ocorre despigmentação acelerada. Sua patogênese ainda não está totalmente elucidada e, atualmente, propõe se que o vitiligo deriva da interação entre os fatores imunológicos, estresse oxidativo, ambientais e pacientes geneticamente predispostos (JOGE;KATHANE;JOSHI, 2022;MARCHIORO et al, 2022;NALDI;PAGANI;CHIARA ALDUINI, 2023;PEREZ-BOOTELLO et al, 2023).…”

“…Saber reconhecer os diferentes tipos é necessário para traçar um prognóstico e tratamento correto. Ademais, pacientes diagnosticados com vitiligo possuem maior risco de desenvolverem outras doenças autoimunes inflamatórias, como artrite reumatoide, doença de Addison, anemia perniciosa e diabetes mellitus (FRĄCZEK et al, 2022;JOGE;KATHANE;JOSHI, 2022;ANGELO VALERIO MARZANO et al, 2023).…”

Clinico-Epidemiological Profile of Vitiligo Among Patients Attending a Tertiary Care Centre of North-East India

“…Vitiligo is a widespread cutaneous disorder that causes depigmentation and affects 0.5%-2% of the global population [ 1 ]. It is an acquired condition of the skin and hair that progresses over time and is marked by well-defined, milky white macules that lack distinguishable melanocytes.…”

“…It is an acquired condition of the skin and hair that progresses over time and is marked by well-defined, milky white macules that lack distinguishable melanocytes. It is recognized as an autoimmune disorder linked to metabolism and oxidative stress, involving cellular detachment disorders, genetic factors, and environmental variables [ 1 , 2 ]. The occurrence of other autoimmune conditions in patients and first-degree relatives supports the autoimmune origin of the condition [ 3 ].…”