Viticulture for Sparkling Wine Production: A Review

Abstract

Abstract:The current understanding of the influences of climate and viticultural practices on fruit quality at harvest and on sparkling wine quality is reviewed. Factors such as variety, clone, planting density, pruning method, local climate and soils, and current and future climate warming are discussed in the context of achieving a desired harvest quality. A common observation was the relatively less intensive viticultural management applied to grapes destined for sparkling wines compared to table wines throughout the world. Few studies have focused on management of fruit specifically for sparkling wine production. Given that it is accepted that a lower pH, higher titratable acidity, and lower soluble sugars than table wine are considered desirable for sparkling wine production, the literature from viticultural studies for table wines which influence these desired fruit quality parameters has been reported. Specific findings on canopy management, leaf removal, and yield manipulation for the production of table wines indicate potential for application and development to optimize fruit for the production of sparkling wines. Fruit quality targets are remarkably uniform across international growing regions but distinct combinations of variety, clone, and management are currently used to arrive at those targets. Further, studies of viticultural management, particularly those that alter cluster temperature and exposure to incident light, yield manipulation, and fruit quality are likely to best inform production techniques that result in fruit quality ideal for the production of premium sparkling wines. New challenges include the need for increasing mechanization to maintain cost-effective production and climate warming, which affects the production of fruit for premium sparkling production in terms of flavor development and high acidity. Current trends include the diversification of growing regions to cooler regions that enable the production of high acid fruit and increased exploration of alternative varieties and clones that are better suited to a warmer climate.

Resurgence of minority and autochthonous grapevine varieties in South America: a review of their oenological potential

“…The País variety has currently been revalorized due to the production of qualified sparkling wines. However, little information is available about the effects of viticultural management to obtain a desirable grape berry quality for sparkling wine production . Generally, grapes destined for sparkling wine production are commonly harvested at relative lower pH, higher total acidity, and lower soluble solids than the grapes destined for the table wine production .…”

Evolución de tres índices bioclimáticos para la vid en San Martín y Luján de Cuyo (Mendoza, Argentina)

“…Estudios realizados en otrasáreas vitivinícolas del mundo sugieren que la variabilidad climática generada por el calentamiento global, puede producir cambios significativos en el ciclo fenológico de la vid [5,[14][15][16][17]20].…”

“…a Autor de correspondencia: martin cavagnaro@hotmail.com En diferentes trabajos [15,17,20] se muestra la influencia del clima y su variabilidad en la duración del ciclo fenológico y en sus diferentes etapas, con una tendencia a su modificación, de acuerdo a las diferentes zonas productivas. Los tenores azucarinos también se han ido incrementando, logrando cada vez más concentraciones de azúcares reductores.…”

“…Estas proyecciones se utilizan para examinar Web of Conferences cómo los sistemas pueden responder a estos cambios [13]. Diversas investigaciones demuestran que puede haber cambios en las fronteras de la geografía vitícola, infiriendo que pueden producirse modificaciones en términos de calidad debido al clima [6,15,16]. En su trabajo de 2008, Barbero y otros [5] observaron cambios en las zonificaciones potenciales de la Patagonia Argentina.…”

“…El departamento de Luján de Cuyo pertenece a la Zona Centro de la Provincia de Mendoza (Argentina), ubicada junto al departamento Maipú en la denominada "Primera Zona", siendo una de las subregiones más destacadas a nivel internacional por la calidad de sus uvas blancas y tintas de alta calidad enológica la calidad de sus tierras y condiciones microclimáticas. a Autor de correspondencia: martin cavagnaro@hotmail.com En diferentes trabajos [15,17,20] se muestra la influencia del clima y su variabilidad en la duración del ciclo fenológico y en sus diferentes etapas, con una tendencia a su modificación, de acuerdo a las diferentes zonas productivas. Los tenores azucarinos también se han ido incrementando, logrando cada vez más concentraciones de azúcares reductores.…”