Vitellogenin from the Silkworm, Bombyx mori: An Effective Anti-Bacterial Agent

Singh, Nitin Kumar; Pakkianathan, Britto Cathrin; Kumar, Manish; Prasad, Tulika; Kannan, Mani; König, Simone; Krishnan, Muthukalingan

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0073005

Cited by 37 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…This protein is synthesized and secreted by the fat body and shuttled to developing follicles in the ovaries. Vitellogenin transcripts were up-regulated by septic puncture of adult females (Figure 6), which was expected since its increased transcription is a known insect antibacterial response [26]. Transcripts encoding components of the male reproductive system also were noted, among them testis- and spermatogenesis-related proteins; sperm membrane proteins; sperm flagellar components; and ejaculatory and accessory gland proteins comprising proteases and aconitase.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 75%

Transcriptome of the Invasive Brown Marmorated Stink Bug, Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae)

Sparks¹,

Shelby

Kuhar³

et al. 2014

PLoS ONE

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Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae), the brown marmorated stink bug, is an invasive agricultural and nuisance pest rapidly expanding its incidence in North America. This voracious pest poses a significant threat to rural and urban agriculture, especially to specialty crops such as apples, grapes and ornamentals, as well as staple crops including soybean and corn. The object of this study was to generate transcript sequence resources for H. halys. RNA-seq libraries derived from distinct developmental stages and sexes were sequenced and assembled into 248,569 putatively unique transcripts (PUTs). PUTs were segmented into three disjoint tiers of varying reliability, with 4,794 classified as gold tier (highest quality), 16,878 as silver, and 14,357 as bronze. The gold-tier PUTs associated with 2,580 distinct non-redundant protein sequences from the NCBI NR database—1,785 of these (69%) mapped to annotated UniProtKB database proteins, from which 1,273 unique Pfam families and 459 unique Molecular Function GO terms were encountered. Of the silver tier's 6,527 PUTs associated with unique proteins, 4,193 mapped to UniProtKB (64%), from which 1,941 and 640 unique Pfam and Molecular Function GO terms were extracted. H. halys PUTs related to important life processes like immunity, endocrinology, reproduction, development, behavior, neurotransmission, neurotoxicity, olfaction, and small RNA pathways were validated through quantitative Real-Time PCR (qRT-PCR) for differential expression during distinct life stages (eggs, 2nd instar nymphs, 4th instar nymphs, female adults, male adults). PUTs similar to hypothetical proteins identified in symbiont microbes, including Pantoea and Nosema species, were more abundantly expressed in adults versus nymphs. These comprehensive H. halys transcriptomic resources can be utilized to aid development of novel control methodologies to disrupt life processes; to conduct reverse genetic screens to determine host gene function; and to design environmentally unobtrusive means to control host populations or target specific H. halys life stages, such as molecular biopesticides.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 75%

Transcriptome of the Invasive Brown Marmorated Stink Bug, Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae)

Sparks¹,

Shelby

Kuhar³

et al. 2014

PLoS ONE

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“…), and has shown anti‐bacterial activity in B. mori (Singh et al . ), thus suggesting some link of this protein with immunity. Future studies must elucidate the physiological roles of multiple Vg genes in other than reproduction.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Regulation of vitellogenin genes in insects

Tufail

Nagaba

Elgendy

et al. 2014

Entomological Science

122

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Vitellogenins (Vg) genes code for the major egg yolk protein precursor in insects and many other oviparous species. In insects, the Vg gene is expressed extra-ovarially in the fat body in sex-, tissue-and stage-specific manners. During the reproductive phase, the Vg mRNA is expressed in large quantities, which is then translated, secreted into hemolymph and ultimately taken up by the developing oocytes through receptormediated endocytosis. Once sequestered, the Vgs are stored as vitellin (Vn), the main nutritional reserve for the developing embryo. The regulation of Vg genes is directly under the control of hormones at the transcriptional level. Hormones involved in Vg gene transcription are juvenile hormone (JH), ecdysteroids and some neuropeptides. The overall understanding that has emerged is that the insects can be classified, based on the system of hormonal regulation of Vg gene transcription, into three groups: (i) insects (like most of hemipterans) that use only JH for Vg gene transcription; (ii) insects (like dipterans) that need both JH and ecdysteroids for Vg regulation; and (iii) insects like lepidopterans that require JH, ecdysteroids and additional hormones to regulate their reproductive biology. However, why insect species diverge in using different hormones to govern their reproductive physiology remains unclear. The present contribution focuses on the current status of knowledge regarding the regulation of Vg genes in insects. Besides a brief information on biochemical and molecular features, the role of Vg genes as a target of endocrine disruptors will be addressed. Also, the molecular mechanism of Vg gene regulation will be discussed.

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“…At the same time, the prevalence of acute infectious diseases due to drug-resistant organisms has caused a serious global challenge, in spite of various efforts being undertaken to cope with them. Among various approaches to solve the above-mentioned problems, biological resources formulated in traditional oriental medicine or ethnomedicine such as centipede, scorpion, leech, and silkworm have been studied widely due to their pharmacological advantages (Feng et al 2007;Calvino and Szczupak, 2008;Xu et al 2010;Zhou et al 2011;Singh et al 2013Singh et al , 2014Lee et al 2015). Nevertheless, the occurrence of infectious pathogens has not been reduced globally, which is still causing serious concerns and problems in the public health field.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, the overuse of antibiotics has increased the incidence rate of multidrug-resistant bacteria including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and multi-drug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB), demanding immediate action and overhaul in treatment strategy. Among various approaches to solve the above-mentioned problems, biological resources formulated in traditional oriental medicine or ethnomedicine such as centipede, scorpion, leech, and silkworm have been studied widely due to their pharmacological advantages (Feng et al 2007;Calvino and Szczupak, 2008;Xu et al 2010;Zhou et al 2011;Singh et al 2013Singh et al , 2014Lee et al 2015). The larvae of insect have been especially utilized as useful therapeutic resources in Asia and Europe.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel antibacterial peptides induced by probiotics in Hermetia illucens (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) larvae

Choi

Goo

et al. 2017

Entomological Research

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There is a need to discover new therapeutic substances due to the emergence of deadly infectious diseases and various antibiotic resistance. We focused on the larvae that are utilized as a medical insect for the treatment of skin damage in Europe and America. This study was to investigate the pharmacological activities of novel antibacterial peptides isolated from Hermetia illucens larvae against the Klebsiella pneumoniae and Shigella dysenteriae. The larvae were immunized by probiotics (Lactobacillus casei) for 24 h. The hemolymph from the immunized larvae was fractionated through reverse‐phase chromatography. Peptides were purified using HPLC and the coomassie blue staining, and identified using Nano‐LC‐ESI‐MS/MS system. Antibacterial activities of the peptides were evaluated by turbidometric assay, liquid broth dilution assay, resazurin assay, and agar disk diffusion method. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of the peptides were measured as 150 μg/mL through the turbidometric, liquid broth dilution, and resazurin assays. The peptides effectively inhibited their growth/proliferation as well as the survival rate of the tested bacteria. Furthermore, the immunized larvae exhibited overexpression of the peptides compared to non‐immunized larvae. These results demonstrate that the peptides induced by H. illucens exert strong antibacterial activity against Gram‐negative bacteria. The results suggest that the activation of the humoral immunity induced by immunization functioned to enhance the production of antibacterial peptides from the insect and their antibacterial properties. This study indicates the potential of the peptides produced from larvae as antibacterial peptide substance for the development of novel antibacterial drugs.

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Vitellogenin from the Silkworm, Bombyx mori: An Effective Anti-Bacterial Agent

Cited by 37 publications

References 42 publications

Transcriptome of the Invasive Brown Marmorated Stink Bug, Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae)

Transcriptome of the Invasive Brown Marmorated Stink Bug, Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae)

Regulation of vitellogenin genes in insects

Novel antibacterial peptides induced by probiotics in Hermetia illucens (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) larvae

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