Vitamins in germination. Distribution of inositol during the germination of the dwarf bean, <i>Phaseolus vulgaris</i>

Gibbins, L. N.; Norris, F. W.

doi:10.1042/bj0860064

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Such control would also regulate release of free itnyo-inositol. In germinating Phascolus vulgaris seed (8,11), breakdown of phytin in the cotvledons was correlated with a fall in total nmyo-inositol content, with a translocation of mnyo-inositol to the young plant including the root. and with growth of the embryo.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inositol Metabolism in Plants. V. Conversion of Myo-inositol to Uronic Acid and Pentose Units of Acidic Polysaccharides in Root-tips of Zea mays

Roberts¹,

Deshusses²,

Loewus³

1968

Plant Physiol.

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Abstract. The metabolism of myo-inositol-2-14C, D-glucuronate-1-14C, D-glueuronate-6-14C, and L-methionine-methyl-14C to cell wall polysaccharides was investigated in excised root-tips of 3 day old Zea mays seedlings. From myo-inositol, about one-half of incorporated label was recovered in ethanol insoluble residues. Of this label, about 90 % was solubilized by treatment, first with a preparation of pectinase-EDTA, then with dilute hydrochloric acid. The only labeled constituents in these hydrolyzates were D-galacturonic acid, D-glucuronic acid, 4-0-methyl-D-glucuronic acid, D-xylose, and L-arabinose, or larger oligosaccharide fragments containing these units. Medium external to excised root-tips grown under sterile conditions in myo-inositol-2-14C contained labeled polysaccharide.When label was supplied in the form of D-glucuronate, the pattern of labeled uronic acid and pentose units in cell wall polysaccharides resembled that obtained from labeled myr.-inositol, indicating that both substances were metabolized along a common path during polysaccharide formation, and that methylation occurred at a step subsequent to uronic acid formation. When label was supplied in the form of L-methionine-methyl-14C, 4-0-methyl-D-glucuronic acid was the only labeled monosaccharide component that survived enzymatic or acid hydrolysis.Zea mays endosperm, a known source of phytin, developed maximal phytase activity after the third day of germination. Results obtained here suggest that myo-inositol released by hydrolysis of phvtin represents the initial precursor of a normal, possibly predominant pathway for the formation of uronic acids in plants. Galacturonic3, glucuronic3, and 4-0-methvl-glucuronic acid3 constitute the 3 major acidic glvcosyl components of polvsaccharides in cell walls of higher plants. Galacturonic acid, usually

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inositol Metabolism in Plants. V. Conversion of Myo-inositol to Uronic Acid and Pentose Units of Acidic Polysaccharides in Root-tips of Zea mays

Roberts¹,

Deshusses²,

Loewus³

1968

Plant Physiol.

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“…These proteins have high concentrations or arginine, asparagine, and glutamine (6) . Besides proteins, aleurone grains also contain insoluble salts of phytic acid (32,62) and crystals of calcium oxalate (6) . Detection of several hydrolytic enzymes in aleurone grains by biochemical analysis of isolated grains (42,68) or by ultra- 4 …”

Section: Aleurone Grainsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytochemical and Developmental Changes in Microbodies (Glyoxysomes) and Related Organelles of Castor Bean Endosperm

Vigil

1970

The Journal of Cell Biology

225

109

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Structural changes in endosperm cells of germinating castor beans were examined and complemented with a cytochemical analysis of staining with diaminobenzidine (DAB) . Deposition of oxidized DAB occurred only in microbodies due to the presence of catalase, and in cell walls associated with peroxidase activity . Seedling development paralleled the disappearance of spherosomes (lipid bodies) and matrix of aleurone grains in endosperm cells . 6 to 7 days after germination, a cross-section through the endosperm contained cells in all stages of development and senescence beginning at the seed coat and progressing inward to the cotyledons . Part of this aging process involved vacuole formation by fusion of aleurone grain membranes . This coincided with an increase in microbodies (glyoxsomes), mitochondria, plastids with an elaborate tubular network, and the formation of a new protein body referred to as a dilated cisterna, which is structurally and biochemically distinct from microbodies although both apparently develop from rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER) . In vacuolate cells microbodies are the most numerous organelle and are intimately associated with spherosomes and dilated cisternae . This phenomenon is discussed in relation to the biochemical activities of these organelles. Turnover of microbodies involves sequestration into autophagic vacuoles as intact organelles which still retain catalase activity . Crystalloids present in microbodies develop by condensation of matrix protein and are the principal site of catalase formerly in the matrix .

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“…In wheat caryopses, myo-inositol is stored in all three forms, but only free myoinositol and galactinol are utilized rapidly for cell wall biosynthesis, while phytic acid is depleted much more slowly (16,17). In beans, phytic acid hydrolysis is evident 3 d after germination (2,3) and the myo-inositol produced therein is transported to and utilized at actively elongating regions for new cell wall biosynthesis and at nonelongating regions for consolidation of cell wall structure following the completion of elongation (18). A significant amount of myo-inositol is synthesized de novo during very early stages of germination, certainly within the 72 h period of imbibition (19).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Use of Per-C-Deuterated myo-Inositol for Study of Cell Wall Synthesis in Germinating Beans

Sasaki¹,

Nagahashi²,

Gretz³

et al. 1989

Plant Physiol.

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Coll wall polysaccharides of the hypocotyl and roots in germinating beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) were selectively labeled in arabinosyl, xylosyl, and galacturonosyl residues by per-C-deuter-ated myo-inositol, which was introduced through 72 hours of imbibition. Glucuronate residues remained unlabeled. Selected ion gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis revealed that deuterium was not redistributed in these three sugar residues or into other carbohydrate residues during this conversion, suggesting that the labeled residues are formed exclusively via the myo-inositol oxidation pathway and that no glucogenesis from myo-inositol takes place during this conversion. The presence of a significant level of deuterated arabinose, xylose, and galactu-ronate after just 72 hours of imbibitional uptake of per-C-deuter-ated myo-inositol indicated that the myo-inositol oxidation pathway has a predominant role in the biosynthesis of new cell walls. myo-Inositol is an important precursor of plant cell wall polysaccharides. During seed development and germination, myo-inositol that has been stored in seeds in various forms is transported to the growing seedling parts and then converted to uronic acid and pentose residues for the synthesis of new cell wall polysaccharides (16-18). In germinating beans, myo-inositol is formed from reserve sugars at a very early stage that precedes phytic acid hydrolysis (19). Along with stored reserves of myo-inositol, this newly synthesized myo-inositol is available for cell wall synthesis (19). Thus, studies of myo-inositol metabolism will enhance our understanding of cell wall formation and eventually reveal the role of myo-inositol in this process. Until now, most studies have utilized radio-labeled myo-inositol in this regard. Use of per-C-deuterated myo-inositol would provide an attractive, powerful technique that has advantages not available through tracer methodology. (a) Stable isotopes are not radioactive and are, therefore, easy to handle. (b) Labeled, nonlabeled, and total sugar compositions are readily analyzed simultaneously by GC-MS using selected ion and total ion-monitoring systems. (c) Selected ion monitoring easily and quickly provides important information on the redistribution of deuterium atoms into sugar residues other than those produced exclusively by the myo-' Supported in part by National Science Foundation grant BSR-8618847 to M. R. G. and Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada grant to I. E. P. T. inositol oxidation pathway (10-12). (d) Specific labeling with a stable isotope permits one to use 2H-or '3C-NMR for nondestructive investigation of the structures involved. Recently , we developed a method for preparation and purification of large quantities of per-C-deuterated myo-inositol (14). Here we report on the use of this material to label cell walls of germinating bean hypocotyls and roots and perform GC-MS analysis on hydrolyzed products from these cell walls. MATERIALS AND METHODS Preparation of Per-C-Deuterated myo-lnositol-Labeled Bean...

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Vitamins in germination. Distribution of inositol during the germination of the dwarf bean, Phaseolus vulgaris

Cited by 10 publications

References 10 publications

Inositol Metabolism in Plants. V. Conversion of Myo-inositol to Uronic Acid and Pentose Units of Acidic Polysaccharides in Root-tips of Zea mays

Inositol Metabolism in Plants. V. Conversion of Myo-inositol to Uronic Acid and Pentose Units of Acidic Polysaccharides in Root-tips of Zea mays

Cytochemical and Developmental Changes in Microbodies (Glyoxysomes) and Related Organelles of Castor Bean Endosperm

Use of Per-C-Deuterated myo-Inositol for Study of Cell Wall Synthesis in Germinating Beans

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