Vitamin Toxicity

DiPalma, J R; Ritchie, D M

doi:10.1146/annurev.pa.17.040177.001025

Cited by 53 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…Excessive consumption of the B vitamin, niacin, can cause an acute onset of flushing, pruritis, rash, and burning or warmth in the skin, especially on the face and upper trunk (DiPalma and Ritchie, 1977), although gastrointestinal discomfort is noted in some patients (Press and Yeager, 1962). Outbreaks have occurred from the excessive enrichment of flour used to make pumpernickel bagels (Campana et al, 1983) or corn meal (Press and Yeager, 1962).…”

Section: Niacinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Food Toxicology

Taylor¹,

Baumert²

2014

Encyclopedia of Agriculture and Food Systems

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Section: Niacinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Food Toxicology

Taylor¹,

Baumert²

2014

Encyclopedia of Agriculture and Food Systems

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“…thiamine toxicity can occur when doses as low as 5 mg/day are consumed for four to five weeks (Mills 1941). Although the most frequent adverse effect from thiamine supplementation is hypersensitivity reactions (DiPalma 1978;Dipalma & Ritchie 1977), numerous adverse effects on the cardiovascular system (e.g., rapid pulse. anaphylactic shock.…”

Section: Pharmacological Adjuncts For Sedative-hypnotic Withdrawalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacological Adjuncts for the Treatment of Withdrawal Syndromes

Sees

1991

Journal of Psychoactive Drugs

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Alternative explanations for symptoms that occur during the period of drug (medical or nonmedical) withdrawal are examined. These symptoms are not necessarily due to the discontinuation of the drug and should be considered when treating a patient for a withdrawal syndrome. The rationale behind treating withdrawal syndromes and criteria to consider for hospitalizing a patient during the withdrawal period are discussed. The main focus of this article is the appropriate use of prescription drugs for treating withdrawal syndromes. In addition, protocols of the Drug Detoxification, Rehabilitation, and Aftercare Project of the Haight Ashbury Free Clinics are reviewed in detail. Finally, information is provided on some potentially promising medications that are currently being investigated for the treatment of withdrawal.

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“…Furthermore, malnutrition may alter the tissue responsiveness to drugs. In addition to deficiencies, dietary excess of nutrients including coenzymes will produce adverse reactions (see DiPalma and Ritchie, 1977). Moreover, even proper nutrients and alimentation may alter the bioavailability of drugs (see Toothaker and Welling, 1980;Carr, 1982).…”

Section: Therapeutic Efficacy Of Drugs In Altered Nutritional Statesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The use of multiple vitamins or single vitamins in enormous doses (megavitamin) has increased in recent years (for review, see DiPalma and Ritchie, 1977). The abuse or injudicious uses of vitamins not only are fraught with vitamin toxicity, but also may result in altered therapeutics.…”

Section: E Nullification Of Therapeutic Effects Of Drugs By Vitaminsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drug-Pyridoxal Phosphate Interactions

Ebadi¹,

Cf²,

Alsayegh³

1982

Drug Metabolism and Drug Interactions

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In this review it has been pointed out that vitamin B6 and its vitamers can be involved in many interactions with a number of drugs, as well as with the actions of various endocrines and neurotransmitters. Nutritional deficiencies, especially of vitamins and proteins, can affect the manner in which drugs undergo biotransformation, and thereby may also modify the therapeutic efficacy of certain drugs. The differences between nutritional vitamin B6 deficiency and the hereditary disorder producing pyridoxine dependency are discussed. In addition to a pyridoxine deficiency being able to adversely affect drug actions, the improper supplementation with vitamin B6 can in some instances also adversely affect drug efficacy. A decrease by pyridoxine in the efficacy of levodopa used in the treatment of Parkinsonism is an example. The interrelationships and enzymatic interconversions among pyridoxine vitamers, both phosphorylated and non-phosphorylated, are briefly discussed, particularly regarding their pharmacokinetic properties. The ways in which the normal biochemical functions of vitamin B6 may be interfered with by various drugs are reviewed. (1) The chronic administration of isoniazid for the prevention or treatment of tuberculosis can produce peripheral neuropathy which can be prevented by the concurrent administration of pyridoxine. An acute toxic overdose of isoniazid causes generalized convulsions, and the intravenous administration of pyridoxine hydrochloride will prevent or stop these seizures. (2) The acute ingestion of excessive monosodium glutamate will, in some individuals, cause a group of symptoms including among others headache, weakness, stiffness, and heartburn, collectively known as the 'Chinese Restaurant Syndrome.' These symptoms can be prevented by prior supplementation with vitamin B6. The beneficial effect is ascribed to the correction of a deficiency in the activity of glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, an enzyme that is dependent on pyridoxal phosphate. Some interesting relationships are pointed out between vitamin B6, picolinic acid, and zinc. It is postulated that the intestinal absorption of zinc is facilitated by picolinic acid, a metabolite of tryptophan. The derivation of picolinic acid from tryptophan depends on the action of the enzyme kynureninase, which is dependent on pyridoxal phosphate; therefore, the adequate absorption of zinc is indirectly dependent on an adequate supply of vitamin B6. The formation of pyridoxal phosphate, on the other hand, appears to be indirectly dependent on Zn2++ which activates pyridoxal kinase.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

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Vitamin Toxicity

Cited by 53 publications

References 75 publications

Food Toxicology

Food Toxicology

Pharmacological Adjuncts for the Treatment of Withdrawal Syndromes

Drug-Pyridoxal Phosphate Interactions

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