Vitamin, Mineral, and Multivitamin Supplementation to Prevent Cardiovascular Disease and Cancer

Abstract

US Preventive Services Task Force IMPORTANCE According to National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data, 52% of surveyed US adults reported using at least 1 dietary supplement in the prior 30 days and 31% reported using a multivitamin-mineral supplement. The most commonly cited reason for using supplements is for overall health and wellness and to fill nutrient gaps in the diet. Cardiovascular disease and cancer are the 2 leading causes of death and combined account for approximately half of all deaths in the US annually. Inflammation and oxidative stress have been shown to have a role in both cardiovascular disease and cancer, and dietary supplements may have anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects.OBJECTIVE To update its 2014 recommendation, the US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) commissioned a review of the evidence on the efficacy of supplementation with single nutrients, functionally related nutrient pairs, or multivitamins for reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease, cancer, and mortality in the general adult population, as well as the harms of supplementation.POPULATION Community-dwelling, nonpregnant adults. EVIDENCE ASSESSMENTThe USPSTF concludes with moderate certainty that the harms of beta carotene supplementation outweigh the benefits for the prevention of cardiovascular disease or cancer. The USPSTF also concludes with moderate certainty that there is no net benefit of supplementation with vitamin E for the prevention of cardiovascular disease or cancer. The USPSTF concludes that the evidence is insufficient to determine the balance of benefits and harms of supplementation with multivitamins for the prevention of cardiovascular disease or cancer. Evidence is lacking and the balance of benefits and harms cannot be determined. The USPSTF concludes that the evidence is insufficient to determine the balance of benefits and harms of supplementation with single or paired nutrients (other than beta carotene and vitamin E) for the prevention of cardiovascular disease or cancer. Evidence is lacking and the balance of benefits and harms cannot be determined. RECOMMENDATIONThe USPSTF recommends against the use of beta carotene or vitamin E supplements for the prevention of cardiovascular disease or cancer. (D recommendation) The USPSTF concludes that the current evidence is insufficient to assess the balance of benefits and harms of the use of multivitamin supplements for the prevention of cardiovascular disease or cancer. (I statement) The USPSTF concludes that the current evidence is insufficient to assess the balance of benefits and harms of the use of single-or paired-nutrient supplements (other than beta carotene and vitamin E) for the prevention of cardiovascular disease or cancer. (I statement)

Associations between novel anthropometric measures and the prevalence of hypertension among 45,853 adults: A cross-sectional study

“…National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) is a program designed to measure the health and nutrition status of adults and children in the United States ( 12 ). The method of “stratified multistage probability sampling” was adopted to screen out representative participants in NHANES survey.…”

“…Lipid accumulation product (LAP), based on a combination of waist circumference and serum triglycerides (TG), is another useful tool to reflect the levels of fat deposition. A cross-sectional study enrolled 2,500 participants from China showed that higher LAP was associated with insulin resistance and increased risk of diabetes (10). In addition, LAP is positively correlated with oxidative stress and inflammation, which plays an important role in the occurrence and development of hypertension (11).…”

Association of Hypoglycemia with Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress and Antioxidants: An Observational Study

“…Furthermore, the results of the present study do not advocate using any antioxidants routinely in persons with diabetes, which have not anyway been shown to offer any benefit in routine clinical use, other than in persons with certain deficiencies (for example, specific vitamin or mineral deficiencies, etc.) [ 32 ].…”

Mitteilungen des BDE

“…[4]. Im neuen Statement der US-Behörde USPSTF [5]. wurden 84 Studien herangezogen, einschließlich 32 neuer randomisierter kontrollierter Untersuchungsreihen und zwei Kohortenstudien.…”