Vitamin losses during frozen storage of Liza aurata (Risso, 1810), Cyprinus carpio L. 1758, Clupeonella cultriventris caspia (Nordmann, 1840), Rutilus frisii kutum (Kamenskii, 1901) and Sander lucioperca (L., 1758)

Abstract

The objective of this study was to determine the fat and water-soluble vitamins contents (A, E, D, K, B 1 , B 2 , B 6 , B 12 , niacin, biotin, ascorbic, folic and pantethonic acids; in mg kg À1 fresh weight) lost during frozen storage (À24°C) in time intervals of 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 months. Studied species included: Liza aurata (golden grey mullet), Cyprinus carpio (common carp), Clupeonella cultriventris caspia (common kilka or sprat), Rutilus frisii kutum (Caspian kutum) and Sander lucioperca (pike perch). Results showed that A, D and K vitamin losses occurred in all samples during storage, but no statistically significant differences were observed. Vitamin E losses under frozen conditions were significant in common kilka, Caspian kutum and pike perch, however, not in golden grey mullet or common carp. A decrease in vitamin C was significant in all fish species, but there were no significant decreases in other water-soluble vitamins (B 1 , B 2 , B 6 , B 12 , niacin, folic acid, pantothenic acid, biotin). U.S.

UV‐light and dietary vitamin D and their effects on ionized calcium and 25‐OH‐D plasma concentrations in captive gentoo penguins (Pygoscelis papua)

“…It can be influenced by area or time of capture, species, total lipid content, age, gender, stage of life cycle (Bernard, 1997;Stancheva et al, 2010;Worthy, 2001) as well as by transportation, storage and thawing practice. Nevertheless, several studies showed that there were no significant losses of vitamin D in different fish species after cooking or freezing up to 9 months (Dobreva, Merdzhanova, & Stancheva, 2013;Mattila, Ronkainen, Lehikoinen, & Piironen, 1999;Sahari, Ahmadnia, Barzegar, & Noorolahi, 2014). In contrast, the vitamin D content in mackerels and sauries was reduced by solar drying (Suzuki, Hayakawa, Wada, Okazaki, & Yamazawa, 1988).…”

Investigation of vitamin B12 concentrations and tissue distributions in larval and adult Pacific oysters and related bivalves

“…In contrast to C. gigas, the commercial scallop P. fumatus contained significantly lower B 12 levels (p<0.01) in the adductor muscle with 4.1±0.4 µg/100g. The scallop individuals were bought frozen, and although we cannot exclude that the freezing and storage process might have modified the final B 12 concentration, single freezing cycles are not noted in literature to affect the final B 12 concentrations in seawater, blood serum, or fish (37)(38)(39). The mean B 12 concentration in scallop roe, 9.2±0.9 µg/100g, was not significantly different (p>0.05) from unfertilised oyster eggs.…”