Vitamin K2 supplementation improves hip bone geometry and bone strength indices in postmenopausal women

Knapen, Marjo H. J.; Schurgers, Leon J.; Vermeer, Cees

doi:10.1007/s00198-007-0337-9

Cited by 202 publications

(171 citation statements)

References 42 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

153

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…There are several reports indicating the pharmacological amount of MK-4 supplementation that is beneficial for OC carboxylation in healthy aged people (11,12) as well as in osteoporotic postmenopausal women (21). However, in case of insufficient daily intake of vitamin K for bone metabolism, the exact amount of MK-4 supplementation required to accelerate the carboxylation of OC in healthy postmenopausal women is unclear.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Low Dose Vitamin K2 (MK-4) Supplementation on Bio-Indices in Postmenopausal Japanese Women

Koitaya¹,

Ezaki²,

Nishimuta³

et al. 2009

J Nutr Sci Vitaminol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Summary It has been reported that treatment with a pharmacological dose (45 mg/d) of menaquinone-4 (MK-4) prevents bone loss in postmenopausal women. However, it is not known whether supplementation with low dose MK-4 has beneficial effects on bone metabolism in healthy women. The aim of this study is to examine the effects of the supplementation of 1.5 mg/d MK-4 for 4 wk on bone and lipid metabolism in healthy postmenopausal Japanese women. The study was performed as a randomized double blind placebo-controlled trial. The participants aged 53-65 y were randomly assigned to 2 groups and supplemented with 1.5 mg/d of MK-4 or a placebo for 4 wk ( n ϭ 20 for each group). The most marked effects of MK-4 intake were observed on serum osteocalcin (OC) concentrations. Serum undercarboxylated OC (ucOC) concentration decreased, and the ␥ -carboxylated OC (GlaOC) and GlaOC/GlaOC ϩ ucOC ratio that indicates the degree of OC ␥ -carboxylation increased significantly at 2 and 4 wk compared with that at baseline in the MK-4 group. The serum ucOC and GlaOC concentrations in the MK-4 group were significantly different from those in the placebo group at 2 wk. These results suggest that supplementation with 1.5 mg/d MK-4 accelerated the degree of OC ␥ -carboxylation. The concentrations of serum lipids and other indices were not different between the groups at either intervention period. Thus, the additional intake of MK-4 might be beneficial in the maintenance of bone health in postmenopausal Japanese women.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Low Dose Vitamin K2 (MK-4) Supplementation on Bio-Indices in Postmenopausal Japanese Women

Koitaya¹,

Ezaki²,

Nishimuta³

et al. 2009

J Nutr Sci Vitaminol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In healthy adults, about 30 % of circulating OC is undercarboxylated [10,11]. Increased vitamin K intake causes a rapid decline in undercarboxylated OC (ucOC) [8,12], suggesting possible subclinical vitamin K deficiency in "healthy" bone tissue [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioavailability and Chemical/Functional Aspects of Synthetic MK-7 vs Fermentation-Derived MK-7 in Randomised Controlled Trials

Møller

Gjelstad

Baksaas³

et al. 2017

International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract:We investigated the bioavailability of a synthetic form of the vitamin K 2 molecule menaquinone-7 (MK-7) in a randomised single-blinded two-way cross-over study. Healthy subjects (20 -66 years of age) took a single 180 µg dose of synthetic MK-7 or fermentation-derived MK-7, and serum MK-7 concentrations were monitored for 72 hours to calculate AUC(0 -72 h) and C max . We also compared the biological effects of placebo, fermentation-derived MK-7 (90 µg) and 3 doses of synthetic MK-7 (45, 90 and 180 µg) in a randomised double-blinded parallel study. Healthy subjects (20 -60 years of age) took one of the supplements daily for 43 days, and the fraction of carboxylated osteocalcin (OC) was compared between day 1 and day 43 as a marker for vitamin K activity. In the bioavailability study, the 90 % confidence interval for the ratio of the AUC(0-72 h) values for synthetic and fermentationderived MK-7 was 83 -111, indicating bioequivalence. The 90 % confidence interval for the Cmax ratio was 83 -131. The serum concentrations of carboxylated OC and undercarboxylated OC were increased (p = 0.01) and reduced (p = 0.02), respectively, after daily intake of 180 µg of synthetic MK-7 for 43 days, indicating increased vitamin K activity. Across both studies, only 1 participant reported an adverse event (dry mouth; 180 µg synthetic MK-7 group, functional study) that was considered possibly related to synthetic MK-7 supplementation. Our findings provide evidence that the tested synthetic form of MK-7 is bioequivalent to fermentation-derived MK-7, exhibits vitamin K activity and is well tolerated in healthy subjects.

show abstract

“…A subsequent study confirmed the beneficial effect of vitamin K1 supplementation on BMD in postmenopausal women, with doses of 80mcg/d phylloquinone proving effective 66 . There were, however, mixed results for MK4, with one trial showing that 45mg/d, together with vitamin D and calcium, had a beneficial effect on BMD in Korean postmenopausal women 71 , while another showed that MK4 enhanced the effect of bisphosphonates in Japanese postmenopausal females 72 but a larger study over three years found no effect on BMD, although BMC and femoral neck width were increased compared to placebo 73 . 180mcg/d MK7 also significantly improved BMD in postmenopausal women 74 , although 360mcg/d MK7 failed to show a difference in bone loss relative to the placebo group 75 but this may have been because the placebo was olive oil, which also has a beneficial effect on bone 3 .…”

Section: Bonementioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiovascular Calcification and Bone: A Comparison of the Effects of Dietary and Serum Vitamin K and its Dependent Proteins

Nicoll¹,

Howard²,

Henein³

2015

ICFJ

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This review compares the effect of vitamin K on cardiovascular (CV) calcification and bone health and shows that, in principal, the γ-carboxylation of the vitamin K-dependent proteins matrix Gla protein (MGP) and its bone equivalent osteocalcin (OC), generally ensures that hydroxyapatite is kept out of the CV system and is deposited in bone. This is an important finding, since there is currently no reliable treatment for CV calcification.Vitamin K2 (menaquinone) may be more effective in the arteries, while vitamin K1 (phylloquinone) is more active in bone. Nevertheless, there remains considerable uncertainty over the precise scope of the functions of MGP and OC, and their carboxylated and under-carboxylated forms, as well as the newly discovered vitamin K-dependent proteins. Although a diet high in vegetables could deliver adequate phylloquinone, supplementation of menaquinone may be necessary for those at risk of CV calcification. Several animal studies and one human study have demonstrated that arterial calcification could be reduced with vitamin K supplementation and there are further trials in progress. Patients on warfarin are particularly prone to CV calcification but there has been concern that supplementation would either counter warfarin treatment or destabilise INR. In fact, studies suggest that low dose phylloquinone did not increase coagulation and may improve the stability of anticoagulant therapy. Furthermore, use of oral anticoagulants which do not affect vitamin K metabolism, such as ximelagatran, could be used when there is a need for vitamin K supplementation for artery or bone health.

show abstract

Vitamin K2 supplementation improves hip bone geometry and bone strength indices in postmenopausal women

Cited by 202 publications

References 42 publications

Effect of Low Dose Vitamin K2 (MK-4) Supplementation on Bio-Indices in Postmenopausal Japanese Women

Effect of Low Dose Vitamin K2 (MK-4) Supplementation on Bio-Indices in Postmenopausal Japanese Women

Bioavailability and Chemical/Functional Aspects of Synthetic MK-7 vs Fermentation-Derived MK-7 in Randomised Controlled Trials

Cardiovascular Calcification and Bone: A Comparison of the Effects of Dietary and Serum Vitamin K and its Dependent Proteins

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About