Vitamin K, its Chemistry and Physiology

Dam, Henrik

doi:10.1002/9780470122471.ch11

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 155 publications

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“…In 1943, the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was co-awarded to Henrik Dam 'for his discovery of vitamin K' and to Edward Doisy 'for his discovery of the chemical nature of vitamin K'. Dam and Almquist have both given accounts of the discovery of VK (Almquist 1941(Almquist , 1975Dam 1942) and it is interesting to compare these accounts, with those prepared by Jukes (1980), Bentley and Meganathan (1982), and van Oostende et al (2011).…”

Section: Historical Perspectivementioning

confidence: 96%

Vitamin K: history, metabolism, and nutrition in the horse

Skinner

Cawdell-Smith²,

Biffin³

et al. 2023

Anim. Prod. Sci.

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Vitamin K (VK) has long been known for its essential role in blood coagulation. However, over the past decade, evidence has mounted for its intrinsic and essential roles in other functions within the body, including bone metabolism, calcification, brain development and glucose metabolism. Thus, VK should no longer be considered a single-function 'haemostasis vitamin', but rather as a 'multi-function vitamin'. While current research has focused on its emerging role in human nutrition, the role that VK plays in other species such as the horse has not been well described, with most of our current understanding having been extrapolated from other species, especially rodents. This review assesses the current state of knowledge of VK as it pertains to human and animal nutrition, and, where data exist, its metabolism and nutrition in the horse is explored. Future research on the roles of VK as they pertain to horses, particularly extra-hepatic functions, is necessary. Such insight will allow a greater understanding of how VK is metabolised, facilitating the development of recommendations to assist in the health, growth, and longevity of horses.

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Section: Historical Perspectivementioning

confidence: 96%

Vitamin K: history, metabolism, and nutrition in the horse

Skinner

Cawdell-Smith²,

Biffin³

et al. 2023

Anim. Prod. Sci.

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“…Dam's discovery of a new vitamin was almost an ''incidental finding''. In 1928, he started a project to find out whether chickens were able to synthesize cholesterol [1]. Newly-hatched chicks were fed on a diet that was practically free of sterols and poor in fat but supplemented with vitamins A and D. In 1929 he proved that chickens could produce their own cholesterol.…”

Section: The Discovery Of Vitamin Kmentioning

confidence: 99%

H. C. P. Dam (1895–1976) and E. A. Doisy (1893–1986): The discovery of antihaemorrhagic vitamin and its impact on neonatal health

Zetterström¹

2006

Acta Paediatrica

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“…1,2 The Danish biochemist named this essential factor vitamin K, which stands for "koagulations". 3,4 Vitamin K was subsequently isolated and synthesized by Edward Doisy. 5,6 For these vitamin K discoveries, Doisy and Dam together won the 1943 Nobel Prize.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nearly a century ago, Henrik Dam identified a fat‐soluble factor that prevents hemorrhages in chickens 1,2 . The Danish biochemist named this essential factor vitamin K, which stands for “koagulations” 3,4 . Vitamin K was subsequently isolated and synthesized by Edward Doisy 5,6 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural and cellular basis of vitamin K antagonism

Liu

Shen

2022

Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis

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Vitamin K antagonists (VKAs), such as warfarin, are oral anticoagulants widely used to treat and prevent thromboembolic diseases. Therapeutic use of these drugs requires frequent monitoring and dose adjustments, whereas overdose often causes severe bleeding. Addressing these drawbacks requires mechanistic understandings at cellular and structural levels. As the target of VKAs, vitamin K epoxide reductase (VKOR) generates the active, hydroquinone form of vitamin K, which in turn drives the γ-carboxylation of several coagulation factors required for their activity. Crystal structures revealed that VKAs inhibit VKOR via mimicking its catalytic process. At the active site, two strong hydrogen bonds that facilitate the catalysis also afford the binding specificity for VKAs. Binding of VKAs induces a global change from open to closed conformation. Similar conformational change is induced by substrate binding to promote an electron transfer process that reduces the VKOR active site. In the cellular environment, reducing partner proteins or small reducing molecules may afford electrons to maintain the VKOR activity. The catalysis and VKA inhibition require VKOR in different cellular redox states, explaining the complex kinetics behavior of VKAs. Recent studies also revealed the mechanisms underlying warfarin resistance, warfarin dose variation, and antidoting by vitamin K. These mechanistic understandings may lead to improved anticoagulation strategies targeting the vitamin K cycle.

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Vitamin K, its Chemistry and Physiology

Cited by 9 publications

References 155 publications

Vitamin K: history, metabolism, and nutrition in the horse

Vitamin K: history, metabolism, and nutrition in the horse

H. C. P. Dam (1895–1976) and E. A. Doisy (1893–1986): The discovery of antihaemorrhagic vitamin and its impact on neonatal health

Structural and cellular basis of vitamin K antagonism

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