Vitamin K and Osteoporosis

Fusaro, Maria; Cianciolo, Giuseppe; Brandi, Maria Luisa; Ferrari, Serge; Nickolas, Thomas L.; Tripepi, Giovanni; Plebani, Mario; Zaninotto, Martina; Iervasi, Giorgio; Manna, Gaetano La; Gallieni, Maurizio; Vettor, Roberto; Aghi, Andrea; Gasperoni, Lorenzo; Giannini, Sandro; Sella, Stefania; Cheung, Angela M.

doi:10.3390/nu12123625

Cited by 67 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…This fraction of OC, being sensitive to VK intake, is a marker for VK status, usually revealing a lower VK availability [42]. Low dietary VK consumption and a high proportion of ucOC are independent risk factors for bone fractures in mature populations [43][44][45][46][47].…”

Section: Vitamin K In Bone Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Vitamin K in Humans: Implication in Aging and Age-Associated Diseases

2021

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As human life expectancy is rising, the incidence of age-associated diseases will also increase. Scientific evidence has revealed that healthy diets, including good fats, vitamins, minerals, or polyphenolics, could have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, with antiaging effects. Recent studies demonstrated that vitamin K is a vital cofactor in activating several proteins, which act against age-related syndromes. Thus, vitamin K can carboxylate osteocalcin (a protein capable of transporting and fixing calcium in bone), activate matrix Gla protein (an inhibitor of vascular calcification and cardiovascular events) and carboxylate Gas6 protein (involved in brain physiology and a cognitive decline and neurodegenerative disease inhibitor). By improving insulin sensitivity, vitamin K lowers diabetes risk. It also exerts antiproliferative, proapoptotic, autophagic effects and has been associated with a reduced risk of cancer. Recent research shows that protein S, another vitamin K-dependent protein, can prevent the cytokine storm observed in COVID-19 cases. The reduced activation of protein S due to the pneumonia-induced vitamin K depletion was correlated with higher thrombogenicity and possibly fatal outcomes in COVID-19 patients. Our review aimed to present the latest scientific evidence about vitamin K and its role in preventing age-associated diseases and/or improving the effectiveness of medical treatments in mature adults ˃50 years old.

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Section: Vitamin K In Bone Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Vitamin K in Humans: Implication in Aging and Age-Associated Diseases

2021

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“…VC and improper bone calcification, which develop with age and are due to improper signaling, are linked to each other, and there is a negative correlation between pathological calcification and bone density [ 170 ]. Vitamin K regulates bone remodeling by promoting the transition of osteoblasts to osteocytes and by restricting osteoclastogenesis [ 248 ]. Vitamin-K-dependent γ-carboxylation of glutamate is critical for bone metabolism and for plasma coagulation [ 248 , 249 ].…”

Section: Ttr At the Crossroads Of Vascular Calcification And Bone Mineralizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Vitamin K regulates bone remodeling by promoting the transition of osteoblasts to osteocytes and by restricting osteoclastogenesis [ 248 ]. Vitamin-K-dependent γ-carboxylation of glutamate is critical for bone metabolism and for plasma coagulation [ 248 , 249 ]. Proper functioning of the coagulation processes, i.e., formation of the fibrin clot, depends on plasma Ca 2+ .…”

Section: Ttr At the Crossroads Of Vascular Calcification And Bone Mineralizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transthyretin: From Structural Stability to Osteoarticular and Cardiovascular Diseases

Wieczorek

Ożyhar

2021

Cells

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Transthyretin (TTR) is a tetrameric protein transporting hormones in the plasma and brain, which has many other activities that have not been fully acknowledged. TTR is a positive indicator of nutrition status and is negatively correlated with inflammation. TTR is a neuroprotective and oxidative-stress-suppressing factor. The TTR structure is destabilized by mutations, oxidative modifications, aging, proteolysis, and metal cations, including Ca2+. Destabilized TTR molecules form amyloid deposits, resulting in senile and familial amyloidopathies. This review links structural stability of TTR with the environmental factors, particularly oxidative stress and Ca2+, and the processes involved in the pathogenesis of TTR-related diseases. The roles of TTR in biomineralization, calcification, and osteoarticular and cardiovascular diseases are broadly discussed. The association of TTR-related diseases and vascular and ligament tissue calcification with TTR levels and TTR structure is presented. It is indicated that unaggregated TTR and TTR amyloid are bound by vicious cycles, and that TTR may have an as yet undetermined role(s) at the crossroads of calcification, blood coagulation, and immune response.

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“…BGP has an essential role in the synthesis and regulation of bone matrix, in addition to the control bone mineralization. BGP can also carry out a mechanical function within the bone matrix since it binds hydroxyapatite and forms a complex with collagen, acting as a bridge between the matrix and mineral component of bone tissue [ 31 , 32 ]. Furthermore, BGP protects against vascular calcifications; decreased BGP levels have been found in hemodialysis patients with one or more vertebral fractures and vascular calcifications and have been associated with accelerated abdominal aortic calcification and higher mortality in the elderly [ 33 ].…”

Section: Role Of Vitamin D On Mineral and Bone Homeostasis In Health And Ckdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin D Effects on Bone Homeostasis and Cardiovascular System in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease and Renal Transplant Recipients

et al. 2021

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Poor vitamin D status is common in patients with impaired renal function and represents one main component of the complex scenario of chronic kidney disease–mineral and bone disorder (CKD–MBD). Therapeutic and dietary efforts to limit the consequences of uremia-associated vitamin D deficiency are a current hot topic for researchers and clinicians in the nephrology area. Evidence indicates that the low levels of vitamin D in patients with CKD stage above 4 (GFR < 15 mL/min) have a multifactorial origin, mainly related to uremic malnutrition, namely impaired gastrointestinal absorption, dietary restrictions (low-protein and low-phosphate diets), and proteinuria. This condition is further worsened by the compromised response of CKD patients to high-dose cholecalciferol supplementation due to the defective activation of renal hydroxylation of vitamin D. Currently, the literature lacks large and interventional studies on the so-called non-calcemic activities of vitamin D and, above all, the modulation of renal and cardiovascular functions and immune response. Here, we review the current state of the art of the benefits of supplementation with native vitamin D in various clinical settings of nephrological interest: CKD, dialysis, and renal transplant, with a special focus on the effects on bone homeostasis and cardiovascular outcomes.

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Vitamin K and Osteoporosis

Cited by 67 publications

References 77 publications

The Role of Vitamin K in Humans: Implication in Aging and Age-Associated Diseases

The Role of Vitamin K in Humans: Implication in Aging and Age-Associated Diseases

Transthyretin: From Structural Stability to Osteoarticular and Cardiovascular Diseases

Vitamin D Effects on Bone Homeostasis and Cardiovascular System in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease and Renal Transplant Recipients

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