Vitamin E, Turmeric and Saffron in Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease

Adalier, Nur; Parker, Heath

doi:10.3390/antiox5040040

Cited by 29 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 128 publications

(202 reference statements)

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“…Previous clinical studies evidence that oxidative stress is a crucial factor in AD and plays an important role in inducing and activating multiple cell signalling pathways, contributing to the development of AD 63 , 64 . Indeed, development of new avenues to reduce oxidative damages can provide therapeutic efficacy in the treatment of AD 65 . We therefore investigated the antioxidant properties of the new synthesized compounds.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel 2-pheynlbenzofuran derivatives as selective butyrylcholinesterase inhibitors for Alzheimer’s disease

Kumar

Pintus

Petrillo

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

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Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder representing the leading cause of dementia and is affecting nearly 44 million people worldwide. AD is characterized by a progressive decline in acetylcholine levels in the cholinergic systems, which results in severe memory loss and cognitive impairments. Expression levels and activity of butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) enzyme has been noted to increase significantly in the late stages of AD, thus making it a viable drug target. A series of hydroxylated 2-phenylbenzofurans compounds were designed, synthesized and their inhibitory activities toward acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and BChE enzymes were evaluated. Two compounds (15 and 17) displayed higher inhibitory activity towards BChE with IC50 values of 6.23 μM and 3.57 μM, and a good antioxidant activity with EC50 values 14.9 μM and 16.7 μM, respectively. The same compounds further exhibited selective inhibitory activity against BChE over AChE. Computational studies were used to compare protein-binding pockets and evaluate the interaction fingerprints of the compound. Molecular simulations showed a conserved protein residue interaction network between the compounds, resulting in similar interaction energy values. Thus, combination of biochemical and computational approaches could represent rational guidelines for further structural modification of these hydroxy-benzofuran derivatives as future drugs for treatment of AD.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel 2-pheynlbenzofuran derivatives as selective butyrylcholinesterase inhibitors for Alzheimer’s disease

Kumar

Pintus

Petrillo

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

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“…Scopolamine is a well known muscarinic cholinergic receptor antagonist, which leads to impairment in learning and memory process due to upregulation of acetylcholinesterase enzyme activity and oxidative damage in rodents ( Bejar et al, 1999 ; Van Can et al, 2017 ). Cholinergic deficit and oxidative stress are reported as main culprit to aid into progression of age associated disorders like dementia ( Zhao and Zhao, 2013 ; Adalier and Parker, 2016 ). On the basis of above reports, scopolamine induced amnesia is considered as a beneficial tool for the evaluation of potential of drugs as an antiamnesic agent.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Evaluation of Prosopis cineraria (L.) Druce and Its ZnO Nanoparticles on Scopolamine Induced Amnesia

et al. 2018

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Over recent years, utilization of green synthesized nanomaterials has been widely growing on human body because of its special properties. With the increasing acceptance of nanoparticle approach for various clinical treatments, the biosafety and toxicological effects on the vital organs such as central nervous system, have received more concern. Main focus of this study was to evaluate acute exposure of n-butanol fraction of Prosopis cineraria (L.) Druce hydroethanolic extract (BuPC) and green synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles of BuPC (ZnOPC) on spatial cognition behavior, and to assess underlying mechanism by estimation of enzymatic antioxidative status along with acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in mice brain. Strongest in vitro antioxidant and AChE inhibitory activity exhibiting fraction, BuPC, was examined for inhibition kinetic study by Lineweaver–Burk and Dixon plots. BuPC was further used for fabrication ZnOPC and characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), Energy Dispersive X ray (EDX), and Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) analysis. Old male swiss albino mice were randomly divided into seven groups and treated for 21 days. Subsequently spatial memory was determined by two behavioral models [Elevated plus maze (EPM) and Hebbs William maze (HWM)] and supernatant of brain homogenate was analyzed for enzymatic antioxidant level and AChE inhibitory activity. Zinc content of blood plasma and brain was estimated. Results showed prolonged transfer latency (TL) and time taken to reach reward chamber (TRC) by scopolamine was not ameliorated by the ZnOPC group, whereas BuPC group showed significant reduction in scopolamine induced increase in TL and TRC compared to control and scopolamine treated groups. ZnOPC alleviated enzymatic antioxidant activity and AChE as compared to donepezil and BuPC treated groups. Study concludes that ZnOPC attenuated spatial learning and memory by increase in oxidative stress and decrease in AChE activity at both dose levels. Our results suggest that BuPC exhibited a strong neuroprotective effect on cognitive deficit mice and it may be employed as a strong substance for the treatment of dementia whereas the green synthesized ZnOPC was not proficient to reverse the memory impairment induced by scopolamine.

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“…A-beta fibrillogenesis is formed by oxidation of amyloid beta-peptide fibrils and plays a significant role in the pathophysiology of AD. Additionally saffron extract has been shown to possess a moderate inhibitory activity (30%) on acetyl-cholinesterase (AChE) and inhibits acetylcholine breakdown which is one of the main therapeutic targets for AD [ 39 ]. In an in vivo study, saffron also showed to increase antioxidant enzymes and decrease plasma levels of corticosterone suggesting that saffron is effective in improving the oxidative stress damage to the hippocampus followed by chronic stress [ 40 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Saffron for mild cognitive impairment and dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised clinical trials

Ayati

Yang

Ayati

et al. 2020

BMC Complement Med Ther

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Background Saffron (stigma of Crocus sativus L.) from Iridaceae family is a well-known traditional herbal medicine that has been used for hundreds of years to treat several diseases such as depressive mood, cancer and cardiovascular disorders. Recently, anti-dementia property of saffron has been indicated. However, the effects of saffron for the management of dementia remain controversial. The aim of the present study is to explore the effectiveness and safety of saffron in treating mild cognitive impairment and dementia. Methods An electronic database search of some major English and Chinese databases was conducted until 31st May 2019 to identify relevant randomised clinical trials (RCT). The primary outcome was cognitive function and the secondary outcomes included daily living function, global clinical assessment, quality of life (QoL), psychiatric assessment and safety. Rev-Man 5.3 software was applied to perform the meta-analyses. Results A total of four RCTs were included in this review. The analysis revealed that saffron significantly improves cognitive function measured by the Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale-cognitive subscale (ADAS-cog) and Clinical Dementia Rating Scale-Sums of Boxes (CDR-SB), compared to placebo groups. In addition, there was no significant difference between saffron and conventional medicine, as measured by cognitive scales such as ADAS-cog and CDR-SB. Saffron improved daily living function, but the changes were not statistically significant. No serious adverse events were reported in the included studies. Conclusions Saffron may have the potential to improve cognitive function and activities of daily living in patients with Alzheimer’s disease and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). However, due to limited high-quality studies there is insufficient evidence to make any recommendations for clinical use. Further clinical trials on larger sample sizes are warranted to shed more light on its efficacy and safety.

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Vitamin E, Turmeric and Saffron in Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease

Cited by 29 publications

References 128 publications

Novel 2-pheynlbenzofuran derivatives as selective butyrylcholinesterase inhibitors for Alzheimer’s disease

Novel 2-pheynlbenzofuran derivatives as selective butyrylcholinesterase inhibitors for Alzheimer’s disease

Comparative Evaluation of Prosopis cineraria (L.) Druce and Its ZnO Nanoparticles on Scopolamine Induced Amnesia

Saffron for mild cognitive impairment and dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised clinical trials

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