Vitamin E Status of Dairy Cows Fed Stored Feeds Continuously or Pastured during Summer

Schingoethe, D.J.; Parsons, John; Ludens, F.C.; Tucker, W.L.; Shave, Hazel J.

doi:10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(78)83769-2

Cited by 34 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Although antioxidants were not added to the milk fats, it is acknowledged that tocopherols, in particular a-tocopherol, will be transferred to milk fat from the cowsÏ diet (Hidiroglou 1989 ;Nicholson and St Laurent 1991). An inverse relationship has been reported between susceptibility of milk to oxidised Ñavour and tocopherol content (Schingoethe et al 1978). Therefore, it was necessary to eliminate the possibility of the dietary cereal sources contributing di †ering amounts of a-tocopherol by analysing the prepared concentrates.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of naked oats in the dairy cow’s diet on the oxidative stability of the milk fat

Fearon¹,

Mayne²,

Charlton³

1998

J. Sci. Food Agric.

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: Oxidative stability of milk fats from cows o †ered naked oats-and barley-based diets were compared in shelf-life tests using the Schaal Oven Test at 63¡C, and determination of peroxide and thiobarbituric acid values. Milk fat from cows o †ered the diet containing naked oats, although containing a higher proportion of monounsaturated fatty acids, had a signiÐcantly longer oxidation induction period (13 days) than milk fat from cows o †ered the control (barleybased) diet (9 days). However, sensory testing of the milk fats indicated that a perceptible odour di †erence was apparent between stored (63¡C) and unstored milk fats after 3 days of storage irrespective of the diet fed. It is possible that the odours perceived may have originated from the cowsÏ diets or from hydrolytic rancidity reactions. The difficulties of relating chemical and sensory testing of the oxidative deterioration of milk fat or butter are underlined.1998 SCI. ( J Sci Food Agric 76, 546È552 (1998)

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of naked oats in the dairy cow’s diet on the oxidative stability of the milk fat

Fearon¹,

Mayne²,

Charlton³

1998

J. Sci. Food Agric.

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“…During the 1970s, papers began appearing in JDS on the determination of status of vitamins and trace minerals related to oxidative metabolism and immune function in dairy cattle. Schingoethe et al (1978) assessed vitamin E concentrations of milk from cows fed only stored feed year round and from cows pastured during the summer. They determined that concentrations of vitamin E in milk were increased when cows were fed pasture but did not affect blood cell composition, hemoglobin and related indicators, serum glutamic oxalaocetic transaminase, services per conception, calving interval, or retained placenta.…”

Section: Metabolic Indicators Related To Oxidative Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

A 100-Year Review: Metabolic health indicators and management of dairy cattle

Overton

McArt

Nydam

2017

Journal of Dairy Science

123

104

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Our aim in this Journal of Dairy Science centennial review is to describe the evolution of focus on metabolic indicators, from discovery and description to evaluation at the individual cow and subsequently herd levels, over the past 100 yr. Furthermore, we discuss current and future technologies that will be used in the dairy industry to utilize these indicators widely going forward. Knowledge of chemical changes in various fluids (e.g., blood, urine, and milk) accompanying numerous metabolic disease states in the dairy cow has existed since almost the beginning of the Journal of Dairy Science 100 yr ago. However, only during the last 25 yr have these metabolic indicators been developed into useful tools for cow- and herd-level monitoring for disease and management. From the 1920s through the 1940s, our understanding of the changes in blood chemistry accompanying milk fever and ketosis increased, as did our understanding of the underlying biology. In the 1950s and 1960s, workers studying ketosis and energy metabolism began to evaluate changes in lipid metabolism reflected by concentrations of circulating nonesterified fatty acids; furthermore, initial development occurred for on-farm tests of milk ketones. During the 1970s, blood metabolic profiling was applied to dairy farms but found to be of varied and limited usefulness. The turning point occurred when large epidemiologic studies of periparturient cow disease were pioneered in the United States, Canada, and Europe in the 1980s; these studies further solidified our understanding of risk factors and epidemiological interrelationships among disease, production, and reproduction. In the early 1990s, scientists first incorporated indicators of metabolic health into large observational studies and determined important epidemiological relationships between these indicators and outcomes of interest. This field of study blossomed during the 2000s as several research groups conducted multiple investigations into metabolic indicators related to energy metabolism and began to develop cow-level thresholds and herd-level alarms for use in monitoring and management. This work was accompanied by additional studies to validate point-of-care instruments that could be used to implement these strategies at the cow and herd levels. Work in the 2000s continued to identify and evaluate other physiological indicators of inflammation and oxidative stress; however, these have yet to be incorporated into large-scale cohort studies. Finally, use of technology (e.g., activity monitoring, cow-monitoring collars and tags, milk-based analysis using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy) continues to receive significant attention going forward to eventually allow for real-time and automatic monitoring of metabolic indicators and improved health and herd management on dairy farms.

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“…However, in European organic farming, supplementation of synthetic vitamins A, D and E to ruminants requires authorization by the Member State competent authority after diagnosis of a health risk through vitamin deficiency. In particular, shortages of vitamins D and E have been suggested for dry (Chawla and Kaur, 2004) and freshly calved cows, during the indoor period, while no shortages are expected during the grazing season (Schingoethe et al., 1978; Smolders and Kan, 2003). Reliable information concerning conserved roughage vitamin supply is limited since available data are highly variable (Hidiroglou et al., 1993; McDowell et al., 1996; Weiss et al., 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring of vitamin E status of dry, early and mid-late lactating organic dairy cows fed conserved roughages during the indoor period and factors influencing forage vitamin E levels

Beeckman

Vicca²,

Ranst³

et al. 2010

Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition

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Analysis of blood plasma of 60 cows selected on six Flemish organic dairy farms revealed that on average 12% of all samples and on one farm up to 28% of the organic cows showed plasma vitamin E concentrations less than 3.0 μg/ml, which is considered the minimum level to avoid health risks due to vitamin E shortages. Furthermore, this study showed early lactating and dry cows to be more at risk in relation to animals in mid-late lactation. In European organic farming, vitamin supplements are only allowed if granted by the local authority to satisfy daily requirements. Therefore, the vitamin E content of the feedstuffs used on the farms was determined. Grass clover silage (GCS) and mixed silage had significantly more vitamin E than hay, maize or grain (p < 0.05) [mean (SD): 52 (35), 29 (20), 4.5 (1.7), 4.9 (4.4) and 7.1 (3.8) mg/kg DM, respectively]. Apparently, variation in the vitamin E content in the silage samples was huge. Hence, the vitamin E content of ryegrass, white and red clover was determined in a second lab scale experiment and the effects of wilting, DM content and supplementation of ensiling additives were investigated. Fresh ryegrass had a higher vitamin E content than white and red clover (p < 0.05) [156 (11.3), 49.3 (0.67) and 74.3 (5.73) μg/g DM, respectively]. These differences remained after the wilting or ensiling. Supplementation of formic acid or lactic acid bacteria at ensiling had no significant effect on the vitamin E content. Overall, it can be concluded that GCS is the most important source of vitamin E in organic dairy farming. A legal possibility for case-related supplementation should be retained in organic dairy farming as approximately 18% of all dry and early lactating cows were at risk of vitamin E shortage.

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Vitamin E Status of Dairy Cows Fed Stored Feeds Continuously or Pastured during Summer

Cited by 34 publications

References 18 publications

Effect of naked oats in the dairy cow’s diet on the oxidative stability of the milk fat

Effect of naked oats in the dairy cow’s diet on the oxidative stability of the milk fat

A 100-Year Review: Metabolic health indicators and management of dairy cattle

Monitoring of vitamin E status of dry, early and mid-late lactating organic dairy cows fed conserved roughages during the indoor period and factors influencing forage vitamin E levels

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