Vitamin E: Regulatory role in the cardiovascular system

Abstract

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality, all around the world. Vitamin E is an important nutrient influencing key cellular and molecular mechanisms as well as gene expression regulation centrally involved in the prevention of CVD. Cell culture and animal studies have focused on the identification of vitamin E regulated signaling pathways and involvement on inflammation, lipid homeostasis, and atherosclerotic plaque stability. While some of these vitamin E functions were verified in clinical trials, some of the positive effects were not translated into beneficial outcomes in epidemiological studies. In recent years, the physiological metabolites of vitamin E, including the liver derived (long‐ and short‐chain) metabolites and phosphorylated (α‐, γ‐tocopheryl phosphate) forms, have also provided novel mechanistic insight into CVD regulation that expands beyond the vitamin E precursor. It is certain that this emerging insight into the molecular and cellular action of vitamin E will help to design further studies, either in animal models or clinical trials, on the reduction of risk for CVDs. This review focuses on vitamin E‐mediated preventive cardiovascular effects and discusses novel insights into the biology and mechanism of action of vitamin E metabolites in CVD. © 2019 IUBMB Life, 71(4):507–515, 2019

Avocado–Soybean Unsaponifiables: A Panoply of Potentialities to Be Exploited

“…The properties of vitamin E have been known for many decades. Many studies have analyzing the effects of vitamin E in cardiovascular diseases [21], immunity [22], treating and preventing osteoarthritis [23]. However, interest in tocotrienols has awakened due to their biological effects and the therapeutic properties [24,25].…”

Overview of Meta-Analyses: The Impact of Lifestyle on Stroke Risk

“…B vitamins, in particular folic acid, cardiovascular diseases, may be linked to the improvement of endothelial function, associated with the increase of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate reductase with the reduction of the circulating homocysteine [58]. Vitamin E, instead could play a role in endothelial homeostasis in respect to local inflammation, lipid metabolism and the stability of atherosclerotic plaques [59].…”

Nutritional Components and Oxidative Stability of Plant Seed Oils

“…In case of γ-tocopherol, Japanese mallotus contained the highest amount (295.36±0.44 mg/100 g) and Australian laurel contained the second highest, which is a relatively higher amount (156.30±3.51 mg/100 g) compared to the rest 8 seed oils. γ-tocopherol limits the pro-inflammatory cytokine release in the body and is therefore resistant against inflammatory responses (Sozen et al, 2019). Similar to β-tocopherol, δ-tocopherol is reported to exist trivial in plants and the result of present study also reflects this, showing the highest content in Australian laurel, 12.62±0.54 mg/100 g. Based on the result of this study, Australian laurel showed a relatively higher amount of 4 types tocopherols as well as total tocopherol compared to the other oils.…”