Vitamin E Homologs and γ‐Oryzanol Levels in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) During Seed Development

Abstract

Cereal Chem. 93(2):182-188Vitamin E homologs (tocopherols and tocotrienols) and g-oryzanol have gained significant attention because of their proposed health benefits and ability to increase vegetable oil stability. Changes in the levels of these phytochemicals were examined during seed development. Rapid accumulation of tocopherols, tocotrienols, and g-oryzanol occurred during early seed development. During the middle stage of seed development, the levels of tocopherols decreased sharply, and the levels of tocotrienols either stayed the same or decreased slightly, whereas g-oryzanol continued to accumulate until maturity. The levels of these compounds remained constant from maturity to 15 days postmaturity. In conclusion, rice grain for nutraceutical and functional food applications should be harvested during its immature stage to obtain the highest amount of tocopherols, whereas the amounts of the other phytochemicals that were studied can be optimized by harvesting grain at maturity. † Corresponding author. Phone

Biosynthesis and profiles of fatty acids, vitamin E and carotenoids during flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) seed capsule maturation

“…However, an increased expression of Lu cTMT from S5 to S6 could not resist to the decreased trend of a-tocopherol, suggesting the involvement of other regulatory mechanism, such as post-transcriptional regulation, which need further investigation. Besides, c-tocotrienol was observed as the dominant form of tocotrienols throughout maturation (Table 2), indicating that cTMT might have a substrate preference for c-tocopherol over c-tocotrienol, which was in line with the results from seed development of rice (Oryza sativa L.) (Chen & Bergman, 2016).…”

Tocochromanols and Chlorophylls Accumulation in Young Pomelo (Citrus maxima) during Early Fruit Development

“…This suggested the involvement of other regulatory mechanisms, such as post-transcriptional regulation, and further studies would be required. In addition, in golden pomelo, α-tocopherol was the predominant form during the first three periods of sustained up-regulation of Cm TMT , suggesting that Cm TMT might have a substrate preference for α-tocopherol over tocotrienols, and a similar phenomenon was found during rice seed development [ 22 ].…”

Separation of γ-oryzanol from immature rice seeds by nanofiltration membrane

“…γ-Oryzanol is a mixture of ferulic acid and several phytosterols (cycloartenol, 24-methylene cycloartanol, β-sitosterol, campesterol and so on), which is rich in rice seeds than other grains. It was reported that γ-Oryzanol synthesized rapidly in the early stage of grain development and reached the maximum on about 20 ~ 30 days after flowering (Chen & Bergman, 2016). γ-Oryzanol not only has natural antioxidant ability but also has a significant role in reducing cholesterol (Islam et al, 2011;Kozuka et al, 2012).…”