Vitamin E Consumption and the Risk of Coronary Heart Disease in Men

Rimm, Eric B.; Stampfer, Meir J.; Ascherio, Alberto; Giovannucci, Edward; Colditz, Graham A.; Willett, Walter C.

doi:10.1056/nejm199305203282004

Cited by 2,126 publications

(911 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…In the Nurses' Health Study consumption of vitamin E supplements for > 2 years was found to be associated with a 41% lower relative risk of major coronary disease (58) . Similar results were obtained in an observational study in male health professionals, for whom there was a 37% lower relative risk of CHD in those who took vitamin E supplements in doses of ‡ 100 mg daily for > 2 years (59) .…”

Section: Vitamin Esupporting

confidence: 83%

One is okay, more is better? Pharmacological aspects and safe limits of nutritional supplements

Mason¹

2007

Proc. Nutr. Soc.

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The use of vitamins, minerals and other supplements has increased considerably during recent years. In the National Diet and Nutrition Survey of British adults aged 19-64 years 40 % of those surveyed were taking supplements. In 2005 sales of dietary supplements in the UK were approximately £325 . 7 · 10 6 in 'bricks and mortar' shops (excluding health food shops). The physiological effects of vitamins and minerals in amounts approximating to the UK reference nutrient intake or the EU RDA are well understood in terms of reducing the risk of micronutrient deficiency. However, the effects of vitamins, minerals and other supplements in larger amounts have attracted much attention in recent decades, and these effects, some of which may be pharmacological, are not as well categorised. Some of these effects are beneficial, some are not. Although vitamins and minerals and other supplements are generally safe at higher doses, there are some safety issues that are relevant in the context of the wide availability of supplements without a doctor's prescription. Thus, several authorities throughout the world have established upper limits (UL) for the intake of vitamins and minerals, and the EU is in the process of setting maximum permitted levels (MPL) for vitamins and minerals in food supplements. The present paper discusses the potential benefits and safety issues relating to the use of supplements at doses higher than the RDA. The rationale for the establishment of UL is also discussed, explaining the differences between the values set by different authorities and the expected guidance and legislation from the European Commission on MPL for vitamins and minerals in food supplements.

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Section: Vitamin Esupporting

confidence: 83%

One is okay, more is better? Pharmacological aspects and safe limits of nutritional supplements

Mason¹

2007

Proc. Nutr. Soc.

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“…Accordingly, a study of the Harvard School of Public Health in over 120,000 persons in health-related professions shows that those that ingest high levels of antioxidants reduce their risk of suffering coronary disease up to 40% (32). Likewise, according to the Cambridge Heart Antioxidant Study (33), administration of a daily dose of 400-800 I.U.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of the antioxidant turmeric on lipoprotein peroxides: Implications for the prevention of atherosclerosis

Boscá¹,

Gutierrez²,

Soler

et al. 1997

AGE

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Extracts from the rhyzome of Curcuma Ionga are widely used as food additives in India and other Asiatic and Central American countries. It has been shown that these extracts ("turmeric"), as well as "curcumin" and related phenolic compounds isolated from Curcuma, have a powerful antioxidant action when tested in in vitro systems. Moreover, previous research from our laboratories has shown significant decreases in the levels of lipid peroxides in the blood of both mice and human subjects administered "turmeric." Our present research complements the previous data, showing that a daily intake of turmeric equivalent to 20 mg of the phenolic antioxidant curcumin for60 days decreases the high levels of peroxidation of both the HDL and the LDL, in vivo, in 30 healthy volunteers ranging in age from 40 to 90 years. The effect was quite striking in the persons with high baseline values of peroxidized compounds in these lipoproteins, while no apparent change took place in the persons having low baseline values.In view of current concepts on the atherogenic role played by peroxidized HDL, and especially by peroxidized LDL, as inducers of foam and smooth cell proliferation in the arterial wall, this preliminary experiment suggests that the Curcuma phenolic antioxidants, because of their high antioxidant activity and lack of toxicity, might be a useful complement to standard hypo-lipidemic drugs in the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis.

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“…This may be through the inhibition of LDL oxidation and reduced inflammatory response (Abbey, 1995;Hercberg et al, 1998;Kromhout, 2001), and mechanisms may include modulation of cellular signalling pathways (Pryor, 2000;Neuzil et al, 2001). The most notable positive findings on vitamin E come from two large epidemiological studies in the United States, where subjects with the highest vitamin E intake had a 30-40% reduction in CVD risk (Rimm et al, 1993;Stampfer et al, 1993). This association was mainly attributed to high vitamin E consumption from nutrient supplements; however, other observational studies have demonstrated protective effects from food-derived vitamin E alone (Knekt et al, 1994;Kushi et al, 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Childhood and adult dietary vitamin E intake and cardiovascular risk factors in mid-life in the 1946 British Birth Cohort

et al. 2003

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Objectives: To determine whether dietary vitamin E intake in childhood or mid-life was predictive of adult hypertension and high waist circumference, as two important risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Design: Longitudinal study of a social class stratified random sample of all the legitimate, singleton births in the week of 3-9 March 1946. Settings: England, Scotland and Wales. Subjects: The 2980 survey members who provided information on diet, health and sociodemographic information at two time points; age 4 y in 1950 (24-h dietary recall) and 43 y in 1989 (48-h dietary recall). Main outcome measures: Outcomes were adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for hypertension and high waist circumference at age 43 y by thirds of vitamin E intake, relative to the highest intake thirds at both ages. Results: The lowest consumers of vitamin E in both childhood and adulthood were more likely to be hypertensive (OR 1.8, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.03-3.08) and have high waist circumference (OR 1.6, 95% CI: 1.02-2.43) than those consuming high levels at both ages. A low intake of vitamin E at just one time point was not associated with a statistically significant increased risk of hypertension or high waist circumference. Social class was also an independent and equally strong predictor of these coronary risk factors, indicating that the relation between social class and cardiovascular risks was not mediated solely by the current measures of diet and lifestyle. Conclusions: Unique data on vitamin E intake from foods in both childhood and adulthood have indicated that relatively low intake of vitamin E at both ages predicted hypertension and high waist circumference at age 43 y.

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Vitamin E Consumption and the Risk of Coronary Heart Disease in Men

Cited by 2,126 publications

References 43 publications

One is okay, more is better? Pharmacological aspects and safe limits of nutritional supplements

One is okay, more is better? Pharmacological aspects and safe limits of nutritional supplements

Effects of the antioxidant turmeric on lipoprotein peroxides: Implications for the prevention of atherosclerosis

Childhood and adult dietary vitamin E intake and cardiovascular risk factors in mid-life in the 1946 British Birth Cohort

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