Vitamin E alleviates phoxim-induced toxic effects on intestinal oxidative stress, barrier function, and morphological changes in rats

Abstract

Phoxim is an organic phosphorus pesticide that remains easily in the environment, such as human food and animal feed. The objective of this study was to explore the effect of vitamin E on phoxim-induced oxidative stress in the intestinal tissues of Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Forty-eight Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to a control group and three treatment groups: treatment group 1 (phoxim: 20 mg/kg·BW), treatment group 2 (phoxim: 180 mg/kg·BW), and treatment 3 (vitamin E + phoxim: 200 mg/kg·BW + 180 mg/kg·BW). Phoxim was given by gavage administration once a day for 28 days. The results showed that phoxim significantly reduced jejunum villus height in rats (P < 0.05), and decreased the mRNA expression of junction protein genes of rats, including Occlidin and Claudin-4 (P < 0.05). Phoxim reduced GSH content and T-AOC level in the intestinal mucosa (P < 0.05). The mRNA expression levels of oxidative stress-related genes (Nrf2 and GPx2) were decreased. The mRNA expression of SOD was significantly increased. In addition, phoxim increased the level of interleukin-6 (IL-6) in jejunum mucosa and significantly reduced the level of IL-8 in ileum mucosas, while significantly increased TNF-α secretion. The mRNA expression levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 were significantly decreased, and mRNA expression of TNF-α was significantly increased (P < 0.05). Phoxim also increased the DNA expression of total cecal bacteria and Escherichia coli, inhibited the DNA expression of Lactobacillus and destroyed the intestinal barrier. Two hundred milligrams per kilogram BW vitamin E reduced the effect of phoxim on intestinal structure, alleviated the oxidative stress in intestinal tissue, and decreased the level of TNF-α. The mRNA expressions of antioxidative stress genes (SOD and GPx2) were significantly increased. The DNA expression level of Lactobacillus was significantly increased. In conclusion, vitamin E helped reduce the toxicity of organophosphate pesticides, such as phoxim on rat intestinal tissue.

Supplementation of Dietary Quercetin and Vitamin E Promotes the Intestinal Structure and Immune Barrier Integrity in Aged Breeder Hens

“…Vitamin E (alpha- and gamma-tocopherol) supplementation was reported to mitigate colitis, as well as protect the intestinal barrier function in mice by inhibiting colitis-induced loss of the tight junction protein occludin, and mitigates TNF-α/IFN-γ-induced impairment of trans-epithelial electrical resistance in human intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cell monolayer ( 37 ). In addition, supplementing vitamin E reduces phoxim (organophosphate pesticides) toxicity in rat intestinal tissues by alleviating phoxim-induced toxic effects on the intestinal oxidative stress, barrier function, and morphological changes ( 38 ). Furthermore, a study by Cadir et al ( 39 ) showed that the supplementation of omeprazole and/or vitamin E exerts protective effects on the biochemical and histopathological intestinal damage induced by hypoxia/reoxygenation in newborn rats ( 39 ).…”

Cyperus esculentus L. Tubers (Tiger Nuts) Protect Epithelial Barrier Function in Caco-2 Cells Infected by Salmonella Enteritidis and Promote Lactobacillus plantarum Growth

“…The main function of vitamin E is its natural antioxidant capacity, α-tocopherol having the greatest potency [7,8]. In this sense, it has been described that vitamin E administration reduces TNFα production in rats treated with a pesticide [30], as well as increasing occludin expression and decreasing NFκB expression in the intestine of rats exposed to a high altitude hypoxia environment [31]. Therefore, these results suggest that tiger nut could be effective in intestinal inflammatory processes.…”

Toxicity and Genotoxicity of Imidacloprid in Tadpoles of Leptodactylus Latrans and Physalaemus Cuvieri (Anura: Leptodactylidae)

“…The structural integrity of the intestine guarantees functional tness for digestion, a fundamental process for nutrient absorption (Sun et al 2018). This process requires the presence of the intestinal microbiota, which is related to the stress response and can be affected even by pesticides (Gao et al 2018).…”