Vitamin D supply among healthy blood donors in County Vas, Hungary

Virágh, Éva; Horváth, Dorottya; Lőcsei, Zoltán; Kovács, László; Jáger, Rita; Varga, B.; Toldy, Erzsébet

doi:10.1556/oh.2012.29459

Cited by 8 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Standardized data from adults are not available. In general, a review and individual studies showed a mean serum 25(OH)D usually lower than 50 nmol/L, and a poorer vitamin D status than in Northern and Western Europe (72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82).…”

Section: Eastern Europementioning

confidence: 99%

Current vitamin D status in European and Middle East countries and strategies to prevent vitamin D deficiency: a position statement of the European Calcified Tissue Society

Lips¹,

Cashman

Lamberg‐Allardt

et al. 2019

European Journal of Endocrinology

528

465

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Vitamin D deficiency (serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) <50 nmol/L or 20 ng/mL) is common in Europe and the Middle East. It occurs in <20% of the population in Northern Europe, in 30–60% in Western, Southern and Eastern Europe and up to 80% in Middle East countries. Severe deficiency (serum 25(OH)D <30 nmol/L or 12 ng/mL) is found in >10% of Europeans. The European Calcified Tissue Society (ECTS) advises that the measurement of serum 25(OH)D be standardized, for example, by the Vitamin D Standardization Program. Risk groups include young children, adolescents, pregnant women, older people (especially the institutionalized) and non-Western immigrants. Consequences of vitamin D deficiency include mineralization defects and lower bone mineral density causing fractures. Extra-skeletal consequences may be muscle weakness, falls and acute respiratory infection, and are the subject of large ongoing clinical trials. The ECTS advises to improve vitamin D status by food fortification and the use of vitamin D supplements in risk groups. Fortification of foods by adding vitamin D to dairy products, bread and cereals can improve the vitamin D status of the whole population, but quality assurance monitoring is needed to prevent intoxication. Specific risk groups such as infants and children up to 3 years, pregnant women, older persons and non-Western immigrants should routinely receive vitamin D supplements. Future research should include genetic studies to better define individual vulnerability for vitamin D deficiency, and Mendelian randomization studies to address the effect of vitamin D deficiency on long-term non-skeletal outcomes such as cancer.

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Section: Eastern Europementioning

confidence: 99%

Current vitamin D status in European and Middle East countries and strategies to prevent vitamin D deficiency: a position statement of the European Calcified Tissue Society

Lips¹,

Cashman

Lamberg‐Allardt

et al. 2019

European Journal of Endocrinology

528

465

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…There is a study that evaluated the relationship between vitamin D and genetic and environmental determinants. It reported a positive correlation between the use of COC and higher 25(OH)D serum levels [ 12 , 13 , 16 ].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin D serum levels in women using contraception containing drospirenone – a preliminary study

Ciebiera

Włodarczyk²,

Słabuszewska-Jóźwiak

et al. 2019

aoms

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Vitamin D is a group of steroid compounds soluble in fats. Vitamin D has powerful, pleiotropic effects all over the human body. It is synthesized in human skin, but can also be found in dietary supplements and fortified foods. Vitamin D receptors (VDR) can be found in many tissues, as well as in the female reproductive tract [1,2]. According to recent reports, it is believed that vitamin D has a beneficial effect on lowering the risk of various diseases, e.g. multiple forms of cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, metabolic syndrome, multiple sclerosis, inflammatory bowel diseases and uterine fibroids [1][2][3][4][5][6]. Vitamin D regulates cell proliferation and differentiation, inhibits angiogenesis and stimulates apoptosis [1,2,4,5]. Vitamin D levels are mostly measured using serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration, which is considered to be the best known marker of vitamin D obtained through both diet and body synthesis. According to Holick, the vitamin D level should be higher than 30 ng/ml [1].Ethinylestradiol (EE2) is a derivative of 17β-estradiol (E2), the major endogenous human estrogen. EE2 is used in many forms of combined oral contraception (COC) and is one of the most commonly used medications for this purpose. Ethinylestradiol is hormonally effective by activating the estrogen receptor and thus exerts its estrogenic effects [7].Drospirenone is a steroidal progestin (of the spironolactone group) used in contraception and hormonal replacement therapy. It is also an aldosterone antagonist with potassium-sparing properties. It is an agonist of the progesterone receptor and an antagonist of the mineralocorticoid and androgen receptors, and hence a progestagen, antimineralocorticoid and antiandrogen. Drospirenone does not present any estrogenic or glucocorticoid or antiglucocorticoid activity. It has a potent antigonadotropic effect at sufficient dosages as a result of progesterone receptor activation. It has been stated that drospirenone has a pharmacological profile that is closely related to that of natural progesterone [8]. Drospirenone is about ten times more potent as an antimineralocorticoid in comparison to spironolactone [8][9][10]. The drospirenone antimineralocorticoid activity promotes sodium excretion and prevents water retention [10].It is believed that contraceptives containing estrogens or estrogens combined with progestins may affect 25(OH)D serum concentrations.

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Vitamin D Status in Central Europe

Płudowski

Grant

Bhattoa

et al. 2014

International Journal of Endocrinology

145

104

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Little published information is available regarding epidemiological data on vitamin D status in the large geographical region of Central Europe (CE). We searched the journal literature with regard to 25(OH)D concentrations among community-dwelling or healthy people living in CE. 25(OH)D concentrations varied by age, season, study sample size, and methodological approach [i.e., 25(OH)D assay used]. Concentrations of 25(OH)D in CE appeared lower than 30 ng/mL, and the magnitude of hypovitaminosis D was similar to that reported in Western Europe. While most of the studies reviewed were cross-sectional studies, a longitudinal study was also included to obtain information on seasonal variability. The longitudinal study reported wintertime 25(OH)D values close to 21–23 ng/mL for all studied age groups, with a significant increase of 25(OH)D in August reaching 42 ng/mL for those aged 0–9 years, but only 21 ng/mL for the elderly aged 80–89 years. The decrease in 25(OH)D with respect to age was attributed to decreased time spent in the sun and decreased vitamin D production efficiency. Based on the literature review on vitamin D status in the CE populations, it can be concluded that 25(OH)vitamin D levels are on average below the 30 ng/mL level.

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Vitamin D supply among healthy blood donors in County Vas, Hungary

Cited by 8 publications

References 21 publications

Current vitamin D status in European and Middle East countries and strategies to prevent vitamin D deficiency: a position statement of the European Calcified Tissue Society

Current vitamin D status in European and Middle East countries and strategies to prevent vitamin D deficiency: a position statement of the European Calcified Tissue Society

Vitamin D serum levels in women using contraception containing drospirenone – a preliminary study

Vitamin D Status in Central Europe

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