Vitamin D supplementation for the treatment of COVID-19: a living systematic review

Stroehlein, Julia Kristin; Wallqvist, Julia; Iannizzi, Claire; Mikołajewska, Agata; Metzendorf, Maria‐Inti; Benstoem, Carina; Meybohm, Patrick; Becker, Michele Michelin; Skoetz, Nicole; Stegemann, Miriam; Piechotta, Vanessa

doi:10.1002/14651858.cd015043

Cited by 93 publications

(90 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…Although currently there are 44 registered trials on supplementation of vitamin D in COVID-19 ( https://clinicaltrials.gov/ ), currently there is no evidence that supplements reduce the risk of COVID-19 infection. Limited interventional trials have investigated the role of vitamin D supplementation for the treatment COVID-19 infection ( 67 , 68 ). A Cochrane meta-analysis using a living systematic review approach, which has included evidence up to 11 March, 2021, identified three randomized clinical trials with 356 participants, of whom 183 received vitamin D ( 68 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between Vitamin D Status and Risk of Developing Severe COVID-19 Infection: A Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies

Ben‐Eltriki

Hopefl

Wright

et al. 2021

Journal of the American Nutrition Association

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Objective The relationship between 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25(OH)D), the surrogate marker for vitamin D 3 , serum concentration and COVID-19 has come to the forefront as a potential pathway to improve COVID-19 outcomes. The current evidence remains unclear on the impact of vitamin D status on the severity and outcomes of COVID-19 infection. To explore possible association between low 25(OH)D levels and risk of developing severe COVID-19 (i.e. need for invasive mechanical ventilation, the length of hospital stay, total deaths). We also aimed to understand the relationship between vitamin D insufficiency and elevated inflammatory and cardiac biomarkers. Methods We conducted a comprehensive electronic literature search for any original research study published up to March 30, 2021. For the purpose of this review, low vitamin D status was defined as a range of serum total 25(OH)D levels of <10 to <30 ng/ml. Two independent investigators assessed study eligibility, synthesized evidence, analyzed, critically examined, and interpreted herein. Results Twenty-four observational studies containing 3637 participants were included in the meta-analysis. The mean age of the patients was 61.1 years old; 56% were male. Low vitamin D status was statistically associated with higher risk of death (RR, 1.60 (95% CI, 1.10–2.32), higher risk of developing severe COVID-19 pneumonia (RR: 1.50; 95% CI, 1.10–2.05). COVID-19 patients with low vitamin D levels had a greater prevalence of hypertension and cardiovascular diseases, abnormally high serum troponin and peak D-dimer levels, as well as elevated interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein than those with serum 25(OH)D levels ≥30 ng/ml. Conclusions In this meta-analysis, we found a potential increased risk of developing severe COVID-19 infection among patients with low vitamin D levels. There are plausible biological mechanisms supporting the role of vitamin D in COVID-19 severity. Randomized controlled trials are needed to test for potential beneficial effects of vitamin D in COVID-19 outcomes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between Vitamin D Status and Risk of Developing Severe COVID-19 Infection: A Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies

Ben‐Eltriki

Hopefl

Wright

et al. 2021

Journal of the American Nutrition Association

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“…There has been increasing attention paid to the potential role of vitamin D deficiency in the susceptibility to and the severity of acute COVID-19 [15][16][17]. Vitamin D is a steroid hormone, and deficiency is associated with older age, obesity, ethnicity, chronic medical conditions and geographical location [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating the Relationship between Vitamin D and Persistent Symptoms Following SARS-CoV-2 Infection

et al. 2021

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The emergence of persistent symptoms following SARS-CoV-2 infection, known as long COVID, is providing a new challenge to healthcare systems. The cardinal features are fatigue and reduced exercise tolerance. Vitamin D is known to have pleotropic effects far beyond bone health and is associated with immune modulation and autoimmunity. We hypothesize that vitamin D levels are associated with persistent symptoms following COVID-19. Herein, we investigate the relationship between vitamin D and fatigue and reduced exercise tolerance, assessed by the Chalder Fatigue Score, six-minute walk test and modified Borg scale. Multivariable linear and logistic regression models were used to evaluate the relationships. A total of 149 patients were recruited at a median of 79 days after COVID-19 illness. The median vitamin D level was 62 nmol/L, with n = 36 (24%) having levels 30–49 nmol/L and n = 14 (9%) with levels <30 nmol/L. Fatigue was common, with n = 86 (58%) meeting the case definition. The median Borg score was 3, while the median distance covered for the walk test was 450 m. No relationship between vitamin D and the measures of ongoing ill-health assessed in the study was found following multivariable regression analysis. These results suggest that persistent fatigue and reduced exercise tolerance following COVID-19 are independent of vitamin D.

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“…Utilizamos el filtro de revisión sistemática, lo que redujo los registros obtenidos a 27 resultados, de los cuales 15 constituyeron revisiones sistemáticas que sintetizan evidencia sobre la relación entre los niveles séricos de vitamina D y la incidencia y/o la severidad de COVID-19 o sobre la eficacia de la suplementación con esta vitamina para el tratamiento de esta enfermedad. Entre estas últimas, seleccionamos cuatro por considerarlas la evidencia más pertinente para responder a la pregunta de la paciente y ayudar a la toma de decisiones en el consultorio de atención primaria [1][2][3][4][5] .…”

Section: Estrategia De Búsquedaunclassified

“…En esta investigación se analizaron los resultados de cuatro revisiones sistemáticas, una de ellas sobre la suplementación con vitamina D y el riesgo de infecciones respiratorias 1,2 , y tres dirigidas a evaluar específicamente el riesgo de las infecciones por SARS-CoV-2 [3][4][5] . Para la realización de esta revisión sistemática 2 (posteriormente publicada 1 ), se llevó a cabo una búsqueda de artículos hasta el mes de mayo de 2020 en las plataformas MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Web of Science y el sitio ClinicalTrials.gov.…”

Section: Resumen De La Evidenciaunclassified

El rol de la suplementación con vitamina D en la infección por COVID-19

Capalbo

Pisula

2021

Evid actual pract ambul

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La Vitamina D es un micronutriente esencial que obtenemos a partir de la síntesis dérmica tras la radiación solar ultravioleta. Diferentes estudios han evidenciado que la vitamina D tiene diversos efectos a nivel del sistema inmune, y cumple un rol esencial en la respuesta ante infecciones virales respiratorias. A partir de un caso clínico real, en contexto de la actual pandemia de COVID-19, revisamos la evidencia disponible y encontramos que no existen pruebas que respaldan la suplementación con vitamina D para prevenir la infección o los desenlaces adversos de esta enfermedad.

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Vitamin D supplementation for the treatment of COVID-19: a living systematic review

Cited by 93 publications

References 79 publications

Association between Vitamin D Status and Risk of Developing Severe COVID-19 Infection: A Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies

Association between Vitamin D Status and Risk of Developing Severe COVID-19 Infection: A Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies

Investigating the Relationship between Vitamin D and Persistent Symptoms Following SARS-CoV-2 Infection

El rol de la suplementación con vitamina D en la infección por COVID-19

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