Vitamin D supplementation, body weight and human serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D response: a systematic review

Zittermann, Armin; Ernst, Jana B.; Gummert, Jan; Börgermann, Jochen

doi:10.1007/s00394-013-0634-3

Cited by 164 publications

(136 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…We may have seen this result because our sample size was very large and we could adjust for many potential confounders. Our results also contrast with studies that reported a significant association between response to supplementation and BMI (27), including a systematic review suggesting that the dose per kilogram of body weight explains 34.5% of the serum response (28). Although BMI affected baseline serum 25(OH)D concentrations, it did not independently affect the serum response to supplementation in our study.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…Many factors are known to be associated with serum 25(OH)D concentrations, including sun exposure, BMI, skin pigmentation, medications, and comorbidities (5,(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26), but, to our knowledge, there is limited evidence on a few factors that may affect the magnitude of serum response to cholecalciferol supplementation, e.g., baseline serum 25(OH)D, BMI, age, calcium intake, and season (27,28). The NAM provides intake recommendations by age and sex, but it is unclear whether supplementation should be varied according to vitamin D status, weight, or other factors (7).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lifestyle and Other Factors Explain One-Half of the Variability in the Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Response to Cholecalciferol Supplementation in Healthy Adults

Rees

Mott

Barry

et al. 2016

The Journal of Nutrition

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lifestyle and Other Factors Explain One-Half of the Variability in the Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Response to Cholecalciferol Supplementation in Healthy Adults

Rees

Mott

Barry

et al. 2016

The Journal of Nutrition

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“…From their analysis of ninety-four studies, including over 20 000 subjects and a wide range of supplemental doses, the authors calculated different daily required intakes of vitamin D based on age (30 v. 70 years), baseline and target 25(OH)D concentrations (from 25 up to 50 or 75 nmol/l), across different body weights (50-100 kg). These intake recommendations ranged from 5 μg to 84 μg daily depending on the combination of factors mentioned earlier (108) and, similarly others have quantified this using other calculations and statistical approaches (27,109,110) , with the common theme that 'one size does not fit all'.…”

Section: Implications For Setting Dietary Requirementsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Vitamin D and obesity: current perspectives and future directions

2014

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In recent years, new functional roles of vitamin D beyond its traditional role in calcium homoeostasis and bone metabolism have emerged linking the fat-soluble vitamin to various non-communicable diseases. Vitamin D deficiency (25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) < 25-30 nmol/l) and sub-optimal status (25(OH)D < 50-100 nmol/l) are increasingly associated with unfavourable metabolic phenotypes, including insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes and CVD; conditions also commonly linked with overweight and obesity. Early studies reported poor vitamin D status in the morbidly obese. More recently, it has been observed that a graded relationship between vitamin D status and BMI, or specifically adiposity, exists in the general population. A number of hypotheses have been proposed to explain the potential mechanisms whereby alterations in the vitamin D endocrine system occur in the obese state. Plausible explanations include sequestration in adipose tissue, volumetric dilution or negative feedback mechanisms from increased circulating 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D 3 . Others hypothesise that heavier individuals may partake in less outdoor activity, may also cover-up and wear more clothing than leaner individuals, thus decreasing sun exposure and limiting endogenous production of cholecalciferol in the skin. Moreover, in some but not all studies, BMI and adiposity have been negatively associated with the change in vitamin D status following vitamin D supplementation. It therefore remains unclear if body size and/or adiposity should be taken into account when determining the dietary requirements for vitamin D. This review will evaluate the current evidence linking vitamin D status and supplementation to overweight and obesity, and discuss the implications for setting dietary requirements. Vitamin D: Obesity: BMI: Fat mass: Adipose tissueTraditional roles of vitamin D lie within the musculoskeletal system, maintaining calcium homoeostasis and bone metabolism, with deficiency leading to conditions such as rickets in children, or osteoporosis and osteomalacia in adults (1) . However, obesity is now frequently cited as a cause of vitamin D deficiency (2,3) , which may in fact lead to other co-morbidities, such as diabetes and CVD, conditions commonly linked to obesity (4,5) . Indeed, obesity and vitamin D deficiency have concomitantly reached epidemic levels worldwide and research linking the two has grown extensively over the last number of years. It is reasonable to suggest that this nutritional inadequacy may be driven by the increasing obesity rates within the general population, and may therefore improve with a reversal of the latter. However, despite the plethora of evidence available, the mechanisms remain largely unclear and the area of reverse causality is also commonly debated within the literature: does obesity lead to vitamin D deficiency or vice versa?Vitamin D is not technically a vitamin, but is better classified as an active circulating pre-hormone within the body. Limited amounts of vitamin D are obtained from dietary sourc...

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“…30 Vitamin D 2 , which is used in formulations available by prescription in the United States, is produced by yeast and fungi and is less effective at increasing 25(OH)D concentrations. 11 Drincic and colleagues also emphasize that there is a very large amount of individual variation in response to 25(OH)D dose. They suggest that clinicians should rely on a subsequent serum 25(OH)D test to assess the accuracy of a calculated dose.…”

Section: Figure 1 Probability Of Vitamin D Deficiency By Body Weightmentioning

confidence: 99%

Probability of Vitamin D Deficiency by Body Weight and Race/Ethnicity

Weishaar

Rajan

Keller

2016

The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine

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Introduction: While most physicians recognize that vitamin D status varies by skin color because darker skin requires more light to synthesize vitamin D than lighter skin, the importance of body weight to vitamin D status is a newer, less recognized, finding. The purpose of this study was to use nationally representative US data to determine the probability of vitamin D deficiency by body weight and skin color.Methods: Using data for individuals age >6 years from the 2001 to 2010 cycles of the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, we calculated the effect of skin color, body weight, and age on vitamin D status. We determined the probability of deficiency within the normal range of body weight for 3 race/ethnicity groups at 3 target levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D.Results

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Vitamin D supplementation, body weight and human serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D response: a systematic review

Cited by 164 publications

References 32 publications

Lifestyle and Other Factors Explain One-Half of the Variability in the Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Response to Cholecalciferol Supplementation in Healthy Adults

Lifestyle and Other Factors Explain One-Half of the Variability in the Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Response to Cholecalciferol Supplementation in Healthy Adults

Vitamin D and obesity: current perspectives and future directions

Probability of Vitamin D Deficiency by Body Weight and Race/Ethnicity

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