Vitamin D Supplementation and Physical Performance in Adolescent Swimmers

Dubnov-Raz, Gal; Livne, Netachen; Raz, Raanan; Cohen, Avner H.; Constantini, Naama

doi:10.1123/ijsnem.2014-0180

Cited by 41 publications

(39 citation statements)

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“…Indeed, the effects of vitamin D supplementation on skeletal muscle function in athletes have been investigated before, albeit without taking into account change in physical activity or body composition, confounders that determine skeletal muscle function and may therefore mask a null effect of treatment [81, 82]. Total 25(OH)D concentration was not associated with any measure of skeletal muscle function in the current study, and supplementation did not significantly increase vertical jump height or handgrip strength when compared to PL, corroborating findings from a recent randomised controlled trial conducted in adolescent swimmers [83]. These results demonstrate that vitamin D 3 supplementation does not enhance skeletal muscle function in younger adults after taking into account change in FMI, FFMI and moderate-vigorous physical activity, despite increasing total 25(OH)D concentrations to over 80 nmol/L.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Vitamin D3 supplementation using an oral spray solution resolves deficiency but has no effect on VO2 max in Gaelic footballers: results from a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

et al. 2016

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Purpose Vitamin D inadequacy is a global health concern in athletes as well as the general population. Whilst the role of vitamin D in skeletal health is well defined, there remains uncertainty over whether vitamin D supplementation has an added benefit beyond bone health.MethodsThis randomised placebo-controlled trial in healthy male and female Gaelic footballers (n = 42) investigated the effect of vitamin D3 supplementation [3000 IU (75 µg) daily for 12 weeks, via an oral spray solution] on VO2 max which was the primary outcome measure. Secondary outcomes included skeletal muscle and lung function.ResultsSupplementation significantly increased total 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations compared to the placebo group (mean ± SD change from baseline, 36.31 ± 32.34 vs. 6.11 ± 23.93 nmol/L, respectively; P = 0.006). At baseline, 50 and 22 % of footballers presented with vitamin D insufficiency (31–49 nmol/L) and deficiency (<30 nmol/L), respectively. Total 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration did not significantly correlate with any measure of physical performance. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) models demonstrated that vitamin D supplementation over 12 weeks had no significant effect on VO2 max (P = 0.375), vertical jump height (P = 0.797), left and right handgrip strength (P = 0.146 and P = 0.266, respectively), forced vital capacity (P = 0.573) or forced expiratory volume at 1 s (P = 0.665), after adjusting for confounders. The high prevalence of vitamin D inadequacy observed in this cohort of collegiate Gaelic footballers supports the need for vitamin D supplementation during wintertime to avoid being at risk of poor bone health.ConclusionsTwelve-week daily supplementation with 3000 IU (75 µg) vitamin D3 successfully resolved deficiency but did not have any significant effect on VO2 max, skeletal muscle or lung function.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Vitamin D3 supplementation using an oral spray solution resolves deficiency but has no effect on VO2 max in Gaelic footballers: results from a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

et al. 2016

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“…A single bolus of 150,000 IU vitamin D increased quadriceps muscle strength of elite judokas significantly after eight days [42]. In contrast, a dose of 2000 IU vitamin D daily over 12 weeks did not significantly increase swimming performance as well as arm-grip strength and one-legged balance in adolescent swimmers [20]. Thus, no conclusive results were found for upper body muscle strength after vitamin D supplementation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nonetheless, the impact of vitamin D supplementation on muscular performance in athletes remains controversial. Some studies found no effect on performance [20,21], whereas others found a significantly increased isometric quadriceps strength, vertical jump, and sprint time after vitamin D supplementation [22,23]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of 12-Week Vitamin D Supplementation on 25[OH]D Status and Performance in Athletes with a Spinal Cord Injury

2016

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(1) Background: studies with able-bodied athletes showed that performance might possibly be influenced by vitamin D status. Vitamin D seems to have a direct impact on neuromuscular function by docking on vitamin D receptors in the muscle tissue. Additionally, a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was shown not only in infants and in the elderly but also in healthy adults and spinal cord injured individuals. Therefore, the aim of our study was to investigate whether a vitamin D dose of 6000 IU daily over 12 weeks would be sufficient to increase vitamin D status in indoor wheelchair athletes to a normal or optimal vitamin D level and whether vitamin D deficiency is associated with an impairment in muscle performance in these individuals; (2) Methods: vitamin D status was assessed in indoor elite wheelchair athletes in order to have a baseline measurement. If vitamin D status was below 75 nmol/L, athletes were supplemented with 6000 IU of vitamin D daily over 12 weeks. A vitamin D status over 75 nmol/L was supplemented with a placebo supplement. Vitamin D status, as well as a Wingate test and an isokinetic dynamometer test, were performed at baseline and after six and 12 weeks; (3) Results: 20 indoor elite wheelchair athletes participated in this double-blind study. All of these athletes showed an insufficient vitamin D status at baseline and were, therefore, supplemented with vitamin D. All athletes increased vitamin D status significantly over 12 weeks and reached an optimal level. Wingate performance was not significantly increased. Isokinetic dynamometer strength was significantly increased but only in the non-dominant arm in isometric and concentric elbow flexion; (4) Conclusion: a dose of 6000 IU of vitamin D daily over a duration of 12 weeks seems to be sufficient to increase vitamin D status to an optimal level in indoor wheelchair athletes. It remains unclear, whether upper body performance or muscle strength and vitamin D status are associated with each other.

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“…In contrast, recent metaanalyses have not been consistent with these outcomes, though many variables need to be considered when comparing studies, for example, the parameters analysed, age of the population, if participants live in residential institutions, dose and cut points of vitamin D, ethnicity, period of the intervention, instruments to assess Ca and vitamin D intake and sunlight exposure, and many others (129) . Another important variable to consider in supplementation studies is if the participant is classified as sufficient or deficient in vitamin D since the baseline period, as many of the biological effects of vitamin D are evident when status of vitamin D is corrected from deficient to normal levels (113,122,(130)(131)(132)(133)(134)(135)(136)(137) .…”

Section: Clinical Studies and Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms of vitamin D action in skeletal muscle

et al. 2019

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Vitamin D receptor expression and associated function have been reported in various muscle models, including C2C12, L6 cell lines and primary human skeletal muscle cells. It is believed that 1,25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3), the active form of vitamin D, has a direct regulatory role in skeletal muscle function, where it participates in myogenesis, cell proliferation, differentiation, regulation of protein synthesis and mitochondrial metabolism through activation of various cellular signalling cascades, including the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway(s). It has also been suggested that 1,25(OH)2D3 and its associated receptor have genomic targets, resulting in regulation of gene expression, as well as non-genomic functions that can alter cellular behaviour through binding and modification of targets not directly associated with transcriptional regulation. The molecular mechanisms of vitamin D signalling, however, have not been fully clarified. Vitamin D inadequacy or deficiency is associated with muscle fibre atrophy, increased risk of chronic musculoskeletal pain, sarcopenia and associated falls, and may also decrease RMR. The main purpose of the present review is to describe the molecular role of vitamin D in skeletal muscle tissue function and metabolism, specifically in relation to proliferation, differentiation and protein synthesis processes. In addition, the present review also includes discussion of possible genomic and non-genomic pathways of vitamin D action.

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Vitamin D Supplementation and Physical Performance in Adolescent Swimmers

Cited by 41 publications

References 0 publications

Vitamin D3 supplementation using an oral spray solution resolves deficiency but has no effect on VO2 max in Gaelic footballers: results from a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

Vitamin D3 supplementation using an oral spray solution resolves deficiency but has no effect on VO2 max in Gaelic footballers: results from a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

Effect of 12-Week Vitamin D Supplementation on 25[OH]D Status and Performance in Athletes with a Spinal Cord Injury

Mechanisms of vitamin D action in skeletal muscle

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