Vitamin D Sufficiency and Staphylococcus Aureus Infection in Children

Wang, Jeffrey W.; Hogan, Patrick G.; Hunstad, David A.; Fritz, Stephanie A.

doi:10.1097/inf.0000000000000667

Cited by 19 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Moreover, VDR gene polymorphisms can be important for susceptibility to urinary tract infection and renal scar formation [ 275 ]. In an USA study a similar association was observed between skin or soft tissue infections by Staphylococcus aureus strains and vitamin D levels [25(OH)D < 30 ng/ml] in 202 children [ 276 ]. Other authors reported similar findings in children with acute diarrhea [ 277 ], otitis [ 277 ], rotavirus infection [ 278 ], malaria [ 279 ], leishmaniosis [ 280 ], hepatitis C [ 281 ], or sepsis [ 282 ].…”

Section: Extraskeletal Actions Of Vitamin Dmentioning

confidence: 59%

Vitamin D in pediatric age: consensus of the Italian Pediatric Society and the Italian Society of Preventive and Social Pediatrics, jointly with the Italian Federation of Pediatricians

Vierucci²,

et al. 2018

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Vitamin D plays a pivotal role in the regulation of calcium-phosphorus metabolism, particularly during pediatric age when nutritional rickets and impaired bone mass acquisition may occur.Besides its historical skeletal functions, in the last years it has been demonstrated that vitamin D directly or indirectly regulates up to 1250 genes, playing so-called extraskeletal actions. Indeed, recent data suggest a possible role of vitamin D in the pathogenesis of several pathological conditions, including infectious, allergic and autoimmune diseases. Thus, vitamin D deficiency may affect not only musculoskeletal health but also a potentially wide range of acute and chronic conditions. At present, the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency is high in Italian children and adolescents, and national recommendations on vitamin D supplementation during pediatric age are lacking. An expert panel of the Italian Society of Preventive and Social Pediatrics reviewed available literature focusing on randomized controlled trials of vitamin D supplementation to provide a practical approach to vitamin D supplementation for infants, children and adolescents.

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Section: Extraskeletal Actions Of Vitamin Dmentioning

confidence: 59%

Vitamin D in pediatric age: consensus of the Italian Pediatric Society and the Italian Society of Preventive and Social Pediatrics, jointly with the Italian Federation of Pediatricians

Vierucci²,

et al. 2018

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“…aureus vaccine challenges bone marrow dendritic cells and macrophages, which normally kill S. aureus, were found to be a safe haven for S. aureus strains that displayed high activity of the Agr quorum-sensing system (O'Keeffe et al, 2015). Finally, the staphyloccidal activity of dendritic cells is enhanced by vitamin D and patients that are vitamin D deficient are more likely to have more nasal carriage, skin infections, and more invasive infections (Olsen et al, 2012;Thomason et al, 2015;van der Does et al, 2014;Wang et al, 2015). Some of the antibodies tested in clinical trials have aimed at staphylococcal adhesins (Fowler and Proctor, 2014;DeJonge et al, 2007;Weems et al, 2006).…”

Section: Ra Proctormentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent developments for Staphylococcus aureus vaccines: clinical and basic science challenges

Ra¹

2015

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Bacterial vaccines have made dramatic impacts upon morbidity and mortality caused by a number of common pathogens, but a vaccine to prevent Staphylococcus aureus infections has proven to be illusive. With successful bacterial vaccines, the organisms are all part of the transient flora, whereas, S. aureus is part of the normal human flora. This means that S. aureus has had a prolonged time to adapt to the host milieu and its defences. The failure of several staphylococcal antigens to protect humans from infection in vaccine clinical trials using active or passive immunisation has stimulated a re-examination of the fundamental assumptions about staphylococcal immunity in humans vs. animals, especially rodents. This has spurred an active debate about the appropriate models for vaccine development and an examination of our current understanding of the protective immunity in humans. A major factor in the development of previous bacterial vaccines was a biomarker that predicted human protection, e.g., antibodies to tetanus toxoid or to pneumococcal polysaccharide. While antibodies against a number of staphylococcal antigens have proven to be an excellent biomarker for protection in rodents, these have not been translated to human infections. Thus, while much work remains, there is a growing consensus that T-cell immunity plays an important role in protecting humans. Moreover, the presence of anti-staphylococcal toxin antibodies correlates with reduced disease severity in humans. The most important recent advances concerning potential biomarkers, and the role of pre-existing immune status of vaccines in vaccine-associated mortality are considered in this review.

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“…9 Some observational studies report an association between vitamin D deficiency and increased infectious diseases. [10][11][12] Randomized trials, however, show conflicting results and few involve infants. [13][14][15] Because infections are a major cause of early childhood morbidity, the effect of vitamin D supplementation is of great interest.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Higher vs Standard Dosage of Vitamin D₃Supplementation on Bone Strength and Infection in Healthy Infants

et al. 2018

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IMPORTANCE Although guidelines for vitamin D supplementation in infants have been widely implemented, they are mostly based on studies focusing on prevention of rickets. The optimal dose for bone strength and infection prevention in healthy infants remains unclear. OBJECTIVE To determine whether daily supplementation with 1200 IU of vitamin D 3 increases bone strength or decreases incidence of infections in the first 2 years of life compared with a dosage of 400 IU/d. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS A randomized clinical trial involving a random sample of 975 healthy term infants at a maternity hospital in Helsinki, Finland. Study recruitment occurred between January 14, 2013, and June 9, 2014, and the last follow-up was May 30, 2016. Data analysis was by the intention-to-treat principle. INTERVENTIONS Randomization of 489 infants to daily oral vitamin D 3 supplementation of 400 IU and 486 infants to 1200 IU from age 2 weeks to 24 months. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Primary outcomes were bone strength and incidence of parent-reported infections at 24 months. RESULTS Of the 975 infants who were randomized, 485 (49.7%) were girls and all were of Northern European ethnicity. Eight hundred twenty-three (84.4%) completed the 24-month follow-up. We found no differences between groups in bone strength measures, including bone mineral content (mean difference, 0.4 mg/mm; 95% CI, −0.8 to 1.6), mineral density (mean difference, 2.9 mg/cm 3 ; 95% CI, −8.3 to 14.2), cross-sectional area (mean difference,-0.9 mm 2 ; 95% CI, −5.0 to 3.2), or polar moment of inertia (mean difference,-66.0 mm 4 , 95% CI, −274.3 to 142.3). Incidence rates of parent-reported infections did not differ between groups (incidence rate ratio, 1.00; 95% CI, 0.93-1.06). At birth, 914 of 955 infants (95.7%) were vitamin D sufficient (ie, 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentration Ն20.03 ng/mL). At 24 months, mean 25(OH)D concentration was higher in the 1200-IU group than in the 400-IU group (mean difference, 12.50 ng/mL; 95% CI, 11.22-13.78). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE A vitamin D 3 supplemental dose of up to 1200 IU in infants did not lead to increased bone strength or to decreased infection incidence. Daily supplementation with 400 IU vitamin D 3 seems adequate in maintaining vitamin D sufficiency in children younger than 2 years.

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Vitamin D Sufficiency and Staphylococcus Aureus Infection in Children

Cited by 19 publications

References 13 publications

Vitamin D in pediatric age: consensus of the Italian Pediatric Society and the Italian Society of Preventive and Social Pediatrics, jointly with the Italian Federation of Pediatricians

Vitamin D in pediatric age: consensus of the Italian Pediatric Society and the Italian Society of Preventive and Social Pediatrics, jointly with the Italian Federation of Pediatricians

Recent developments for Staphylococcus aureus vaccines: clinical and basic science challenges

Effect of Higher vs Standard Dosage of Vitamin D₃Supplementation on Bone Strength and Infection in Healthy Infants

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Vitamin D Sufficiency and Staphylococcus Aureus Infection in Children

Cited by 19 publications

References 13 publications

Vitamin D in pediatric age: consensus of the Italian Pediatric Society and the Italian Society of Preventive and Social Pediatrics, jointly with the Italian Federation of Pediatricians

Vitamin D in pediatric age: consensus of the Italian Pediatric Society and the Italian Society of Preventive and Social Pediatrics, jointly with the Italian Federation of Pediatricians

Recent developments for Staphylococcus aureus vaccines: clinical and basic science challenges

Effect of Higher vs Standard Dosage of Vitamin D3Supplementation on Bone Strength and Infection in Healthy Infants

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Effect of Higher vs Standard Dosage of Vitamin D₃Supplementation on Bone Strength and Infection in Healthy Infants