Vitamin D status is seasonally stable in northern European dogs

Hurst, Emma; Homer, Natalie; Gow, Adam; Clements, Dylan; Evans, Helen; Gaylor, Donna; Campbell, Susan; Handel, Ian; Mellanby, Richard J.

doi:10.1111/vcp.12859

Cited by 22 publications

(27 citation statements)

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“…Improving our understanding of the relationship between serum vitamin D and GBM could help identify dogs as a viable model for humans with gallbladder hypokinesia. Vitamin D concentrations in dogs are not influenced by age, sex, body condition, or season; therefore, studies focused on vitamin D supplementation will not be confounded by variables inherent to humans [44][45][46][47][48][49]. Furthermore, this relationship could provide insight into the pathogenesis of GBM and support the need for future studies to investigate vitamin D as a novel treatment target.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations in dogs with gallbladder mucocele

et al. 2020

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Gallbladder mucocele (GBM) is a common biliary disorder in dogs. Gallbladder hypokinesia has been proposed to contribute to its formation and progression. The specific cause of gallbladder stasis in dogs with GBM as well as viable treatment options to resolve dysmotility remains unknown. Vitamin D deficiency is one of the many potential causes of gallbladder hypokinesia in humans and repletion results in complete resolution of stasis. Improving our understanding of the relationship between serum vitamin D and GBM could help identify dogs as a model for humans with gallbladder hypokinesia. Furthermore, this relationship could provide insight into the pathogenesis of GBM and support the need for future studies to investigate vitamin D as a novel treatment target. Therefore, goals of this study were i) to determine if serum 25-hydroxyvitamin(OH)D concentrations were decreased in dogs with GBM, ii) if serum 25(OH)D concentrations were different in clinical versus dogs subclinical for GBM, and iii) to determine if serum 25(OH)D concentrations could predict the ultrasonographic type of GBM. Sixty-two dogs (clinical, n = 26; subclinical, n = 36) with GBM and 20 healthy control dogs were included in this prospective observational study. Serum 25(OH)D concentrations were measured with a competitive chemiluminescence immunoassay. Overall, dogs with GBM had lower serum 25(OH)D concentrations than control dogs (P = 0.004). Subsequent subgroup analysis indicated that this difference was only significant in the subclinical group compared to the control dogs (P = 0.008), and serum 25(OH)D concentrations did not significantly differ between dogs clinical for GBM versus subclinical or control dogs, indicating that inflammatory state in clinical dogs was not the major constituent of the observed findings. Decreasing serum 25(OH)D concentrations, but not clinical status, was associated with a more advanced developmental stage of GBM type determined by ultrasonography. Our results indicate that vitamin D has a role in dogs with GBM. Additional studies are needed to assess if reduced vitamin D in dogs with GBM is a cause or effect of their biliary disease and to investigate if vitamin D supplementation could be beneficial for dogs with GBM.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations in dogs with gallbladder mucocele

et al. 2020

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“…The consumption of prey animals, particularly of fat, liver, and blood, which is high in vitamin D, and of meat, which is very high in phosphorus, provided adequate nutritional supply of vitamin D. The reduced ability to synthesize vitamin D in the skin of these animals is due to high activity of the enzyme 7-dehydrocholesterol-reductase, which converts 7DHC into cholesterol, reducing concentrations of the precursor for photochemical conversion into pre-vitamin D3 [16][17][18]. As such, pet dogs and cats now rely upon dietary vitamin D. As expected by the lack of cutaneous vitamin D production, vitamin D status in dogs does not show seasonal variation in line with changes in UVB exposure in temperate regions, as it does in species that do produce vitamin D cutaneously [80]. An initial study by Griffiths et al in 1988 showed that husky dogs in the Antarctic actually demonstrated an inverse relationship between UVB radiation and 25(OH)D concentration [99]; later, Laing et al (1999) studied greyhounds in Australia and demonstrated a lack of seasonal fluctuation [100].…”

Section: Dogs and Catsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An initial study by Griffiths et al in 1988 showed that husky dogs in the Antarctic actually demonstrated an inverse relationship between UVB radiation and 25(OH)D concentration [99]; later, Laing et al (1999) studied greyhounds in Australia and demonstrated a lack of seasonal fluctuation [100]. More recently, a longitudinal study that followed 18 dogs over a one-year period and were fed a standardized diet, demonstrated that vitamin D status, as defined by measurement of both 25(OH)D2 and 25(OH)D3 concentration by LC-MS/MS, does not exhibit seasonal fluctuation [80]. To the authors knowledge, no such longitudinal studies have been completed in cats.…”

Section: Dogs and Catsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Given that genome wide studies have identified CYP24A1 as a genetic determinant of 25(OH)D status [ 220 ], understanding vitamin D catabolic activity may also reveal insights into why 25(OH)D status may differ in otherwise similar populations. For example, in a longitudinal study of 18 dogs on a standardized diet, variation was detected between individual animals [ 80 ] suggesting host factors play a major role in regulating and maintaining vitamin D status, of which CYP24A1 activity may be one. In a study investigating vitamin D in an unmanaged Soay sheep population, some animals have consistently higher concentrations of 25(OH)D in comparison to others [ 30 ].…”

Section: Vitamin D Metabolism In Veterinary Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Vitamin D Metabolism and Profiling in Veterinary Species

2020

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The demand for vitamin D analysis in veterinary species is increasing with the growing knowledge of the extra-skeletal role vitamin D plays in health and disease. The circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin-D (25(OH)D) metabolite is used to assess vitamin D status, and the benefits of analysing other metabolites in the complex vitamin D pathway are being discovered in humans. Profiling of the vitamin D pathway by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) facilitates simultaneous analysis of multiple metabolites in a single sample and over wide dynamic ranges, and this method is now considered the gold-standard for quantifying vitamin D metabolites. However, very few studies report using LC-MS/MS for the analysis of vitamin D metabolites in veterinary species. Given the complexity of the vitamin D pathway and the similarities in the roles of vitamin D in health and disease between humans and companion animals, there is a clear need to establish a comprehensive, reliable method for veterinary analysis that is comparable to that used in human clinical practice. In this review, we highlight the differences in vitamin D metabolism between veterinary species and the benefits of measuring vitamin D metabolites beyond 25(OH)D. Finally, we discuss the analytical challenges in profiling vitamin D in veterinary species with a focus on LC-MS/MS methods.

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“…In 2018, the serum concentration of 25(OH)D 2 and 25(OH) D 3 from bio-banked sampled taken from the 548 IDEAL calves at the recruitment visit (when the cattle were 3-7 days old) was measured as previously described68 . Serum concentrations of 25(OH)D 2 and 25(OH)D 3 were measured by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) by the Vitamin D Animal Laboratory (VitDAL) which has been certified as proficient by the international Vitamin D Quality Assurance Scheme (DEQAS).…”

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Determinants of vitamin D status in Kenyan calves

Callaby

Hurst

Handel

et al. 2020

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Vitamin D plays a critical role in calcium homeostasis and in the maintenance and development of skeletal health. Vitamin D status has increasingly been linked to non-skeletal health outcomes such as all-cause mortality, infectious diseases and reproductive outcomes in both humans and veterinary species. We have previously demonstrated a relationship between vitamin D status, assessed by the measurement of serum concentrations of the major vitamin D metabolite 25 hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), and a wide range of non-skeletal health outcomes in companion and wild animals. The aims of this study were to define the host and environmental factors associated with vitamin D status in a cohort of 527 calves from Western Kenya which were part of the Infectious Disease of East African Livestock (IDEAL) cohort. A secondary aim was to explore the relationship between serum 25(OH)D concentrations measured in 7-day old calves and subsequent health outcomes over the following 12 months. A genome wide association study demonstrated that both dietary and endogenously produced vitamin D metabolites were under polygenic control in African calves. In addition, we found that neonatal vitamin D status was not predictive of the subsequent development of an infectious disease event or mortality over the 12 month follow up period.

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Vitamin D status is seasonally stable in northern European dogs

Abstract: This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Cited by 22 publications

References 50 publications

Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations in dogs with gallbladder mucocele

Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations in dogs with gallbladder mucocele

Vitamin D Metabolism and Profiling in Veterinary Species

Determinants of vitamin D status in Kenyan calves

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