Vitamin D status and optimal supplementation in institutionalized adults with intellectual disability

Kilpinen-Loisa, Päivi; Arvio, Maria; Ilvesmäki, Vesa; Mäkitie, Outi

doi:10.1016/j.bone.2009.04.128

Cited by 11 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…We have previously shown in several other cohorts that vitamin D deficiency is alarmingly common in all age groups in Finland (23,29,30,31,32). The findings in the present cohort are in line with these observations.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Long-term skeletal consequences of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia in adult males: a cohort study

Mäkitie

Heikkinen

Toiviainen-Salo

et al. 2013

European Journal of Endocrinology

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Objective: Long-term health sequelae of childhood-onset acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) remain largely unknown. Low bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral density (BMD) are recognized complications, but it is unknown whether these persist until adulthood. We evaluated skeletal characteristics and their association with ALL therapy in long-term male ALL survivors. Design: This cross-sectional cohort study included 49 long-term male ALL survivors and 55 agematched healthy males. Methods: BMD and compression fractures were assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry; blood biochemistry was obtained for parameters of calcium homeostasis. Results: The ALL survivors (median age 29 years, range 25-38 years), assessed 10-38 years after ALL diagnosis, had lower lumbar spine (P!0.001), femoral neck (P!0.001), and whole-body (PZ0.017) BMD than expected based on normative values. When compared with the controls (median age 30 years, range 24-36 years), the ALL survivors had lower lumbar spine BMC (PZ0.014), lower whole-body BMC (P!0.001), and lower whole-body BMD (P!0.001), but the differences were partly explained by differences in height. Altogether, 20% of the ALL survivors had spinal compression fractures, but these were equally prevalent in the controls. Males diagnosed with ALL before age 5 years had significantly lower BMD values. Other recognized risk factors included untreated hypogonadism, vitamin D deficiency, hypophosphatemia, low IGF-binding protein-3, and low physical activity. Conclusions: At young adulthood, long-term male ALL survivors have significantly reduced BMC and BMD and a high prevalence of spinal compression fractures. Careful follow-up and active treatment of the recognized risk factors are warranted.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Long-term skeletal consequences of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia in adult males: a cohort study

Mäkitie

Heikkinen

Toiviainen-Salo

et al. 2013

European Journal of Endocrinology

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“…9 Vitamin D deficiency is so common in institutionalised adults with intellectual disability that vitamin D supplements are recommended to all residents. 10 Severe and enduring mental illness is associated with poor nutrition and unhealthy lifestyles. 11 Neuroleptic medication, antiepileptic drugs, inadequate vitamin D intake, the application of sunscreen and limited or no solar exposure over a prolonged period make patients in high security psychiatric environments more vulnerable to deficiency states with adverse effects on bone.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feasibility of screening for and treating vitamin D deficiency in forensic psychiatric inpatients

Murie

Messow

Fitzpatrick³

2012

Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine

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“…Kilpinen‐Loisa, Arvio, Ilvesmaki, and Makitie () designed a cohort study to investigate treatment for vitamin D deficiency and presented baseline data of the point prevalence of vitamin D levels in their cohort. Vanlint and Nugent () carried out a 5‐year retrospective audit on fractures, and a prospective trial with vitamin D supplementation.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…McKinnon et al (), Chester et al () and Wong et al () defined serum vitamin D of <25 nmol/L as deficient. Kilpinen‐Loisa et al () and Frighi et al () both referred to deficiency as <50 nmol/L. McKinnon et al () and Chester et al, () both followed criteria outlined by Pearce and Cheetham () whereby a serum vitamin D of <25 nmol/L was deficient and 25–50 nmol/L was insufficient.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Kilpinen‐Loisa et al () investigated vitamin D status (and subsequent supplementation) in 138 individuals with learning disability in a residential home in Finland. At baseline, the mean serum vitamin D level was 40 nmol/L (“deficiency” defined as <50 nmol/L in this study) with a standard deviation of 14; thus, all participants had inadequate levels of vitamin D at baseline (as per NOS () criteria).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in people with learning disability: A systematic review

Walton

Isaac

Kerr

2019

Brit J Learn Disabil

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Accessible Summary• People with learning disability have more health problems in comparison to people without learning disability.• Low levels of vitamin D in the body is called vitamin D deficiency. This can increase the chance of bone disease, falls and broken bones.• This article has reviewed the research evidence from the last 16 years about vitamin D deficiency for people with learning disability.• The research shows that people with learning disability have an equal, and possibly higher, chance of vitamin D deficiency.• More research is needed to confirm these findings. In order to find out more about how many people with learning disability have vitamin D deficiency, a much larger study is needed. AbstractBackground: People with learning disability have increased rates of health inequality and unmet needs. Vitamin D deficiency can increase the risk of bone disease, muscle weakness and fractures. The aim of this systematic review is to assess for the prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency in people with learning disability. Method:The "Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses" checklist was followed where possible. Results:Eight studies were included in the qualitative synthesis. The quality of the studies was assessed utilising the "Appraisal of Cross-sectional Studies" tool. The prevalence of inpatients with learning disability and deficient vitamin D levels ranged from 41% to 92%. This is equal to, and likely higher than, the rate for institutionalised adults in the UK. 49%-77% of individuals with learning disability living in the community had inadequate vitamin D levels. In comparison to the general population, this is provisional evidence to suggest that people with learning disability could have an increased risk of inadequate vitamin D levels.Conclusion: Due to the low number of studies, and the heterogeneous populations of the included studies, firm conclusions could not be drawn. However, the results show that people with learning disability have at least an equal risk of vitamin D deficiency in comparison to the general population. There is provisional evidence to suggest that the prevalence could be higher for people with learning disability, and therefore, there is a need for further population-based studies.

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Vitamin D status and optimal supplementation in institutionalized adults with intellectual disability

Cited by 11 publications

References 0 publications

Long-term skeletal consequences of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia in adult males: a cohort study

Long-term skeletal consequences of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia in adult males: a cohort study

Feasibility of screening for and treating vitamin D deficiency in forensic psychiatric inpatients

Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in people with learning disability: A systematic review

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