Vitamin D Status and Health Outcomes in School Children in Northern Ireland: Year One Results from the D-VinCHI Study

Glatt, Dominique Ulrike; McSorley, Emeir M.; Pourshahidi, L. Kirsty; Iniesta, Raquel; McCluskey, Jane T.; Beggan, Laura; Slevin, Mary; Gleeson, Nigel; Cobice, Diego; Dobbin, Sara; Magee, Pamela

doi:10.3390/nu14040804

Cited by 12 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…Furthermore, 55⋅5 % of children had a 25(OH)D below 50 nmol/l in winter. This figure is identical (55⋅3 %) to the recent finding in children ( n = 47, age 7–11) living in Northern Ireland between November and March (21) . While the prevalence of deficiency/insufficiency varied by season in the under 12s, the difference was not significant, but is likely explained by the small sample size and lack of statistical power.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…Due to Irelands' north latitude (53°N), little or no vitamin D can be synthesised during winter months and adult deficiency is prevalent (18,19) . However, studies in Irish children and adolescents are limited, with deficiency (<30 nmol/l) ranging between 5 and 22 % and levels <50 nmol/l reported to be between 27 and 89 % (20)(21)(22)(23) . Factors related to familial socioeconomic status (SES) have been suggested to affect vitamin D including lower diet quality, reduced intake of oily fish and supplement intakes and less access to outdoor amenities (24)(25)(26) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Low socioeconomic status predicts vitamin D status in a cross-section of Irish children

et al. 2022

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Vitamin D is essential for bone and muscle health with adequate status in childhood crucial for normal skeletal development. We aimed to investigate vitamin D status in a convenience sample (n = 1226) of Irish children (aged 1–17 years) who had serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) tested by request of their GP at a Dublin Hospital between 2014 and 2020. We examined predictors including age, sex, season and socioeconomic status (SES). Vitamin D deficiency (<30 nmol/l) was prevalent affecting 23 % and was more common in disadvantaged areas (34 %) and in those aged >12 v. ≤12 years (24 % v. 16 %, P = 0⋅033). The greatest predictor was SES (disadvantaged v. affluent, OR 2⋅18, CI 1⋅34, 3⋅53, P = 0⋅002), followed by female sex (OR 1⋅57, CI 1⋅15, 2⋅14, P = 0⋅005) and winter season (October to February, OR 1⋅40, CI 1⋅07, 1⋅84, P = 0⋅015). A quarter of our sample of children were deficient, rising to one-third in those in disadvantaged areas. Females and those aged over 12 years had a higher prevalence of deficiency. Public health strategies to improve vitamin D status in Irish children, including systematic food fortification may need to be considered to address this issue.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low socioeconomic status predicts vitamin D status in a cross-section of Irish children

et al. 2022

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“…3 These figures are little lower than the Indian multicentre study of vitamin D status in children and adolescents of 58%. 10 Similarly a study carried out in Karachi Pakistan on children under 5 showed 60% of children are deficient in vitamin D. 11 The study from northern Ireland on school children showed 48.9% insufficiency of vitamin D. 12 Vitamin D level of girls in this study were reported slightly lower 25.88% than boys 25% but severe deficiency less than 10ng/ml was significantly more in girls 4.7% than boys 2.3 %. A study from china also documented low levels of vitamin D (17.86%) in girls than boys 19.2%.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

Serum Vitamin D levels of children attending pediatric clinic at HMC IBP.

Ahmad¹,

Afridi²

2023

TPMJ

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Objective: To assess the serum vitamin D levels of children attending pediatric clinic at HMC –IBP. Study Design: Prospective Cross Sectional study. Setting: This study was carried out in institution based private clinic of padiatrics in Hayatabad Medical Complex Peshawar. Period: April 2018 to April 2022. Material & Methods: All patients who presented to pediatric clinic with nonspecific bone and muscle pains (especially night time leg pains), mild motor delays and repeated chest infections were included in the study. Patients having clinical signs of rickets were excluded from the study. 5ml venous sample was obtained from each patient after informed verbal consent from parents. Blood test was performed in the hospital laboratory on COBAS E601 instrument employing chemiluminescent Electro Immune assay (ECLIA). Results of vitamin D levels of these patients were recorded on excel sheet and statistically analyzed using SPSS version 25. The variables were put in tables and graph and statistical relationship was assessed for quantitative variables. Definition of Vitamin D Deficiency: No international consensus on the definition of vitamin D deficiency in children exists yet. The Espaghan committee of nutrition and American Academy of pediatrics has not defined the exact definition of vitamin D deficiency. Our hospital used the level as severe to moderate deficiency <10ng/ml. mild/borderline 10-30ng/ml, 30-40ng/ml as hypovitaminosis and 40-100ng/ml as optimum level. Results: This study was conducted on 146 patients. Out of these 146 patients 78 (53.4%) were male and 68(46.6%) were females. The age range was from 1year to 15 years. The combined prevalence of deficiency and insufficiency was 52% and optimum levels were documented in 47.9% children. Severe deficiency according to definition <10ng/ml was documented in10 children (6.8%). Vitamin D levels were reported slightly lower in girls 25.88% as compared to boys 25% but severe deficiency was significantly lower in girls 4.7% as compared to boys 2.3%. p value <.o5 Older children (7-15 years) showed higher levels of vitamin D deficiency 53.4% as compared to infants (1-2 years) of 4.8%. Vitamin D deficiency was reported more in winter months (October-March) 51% than in summer (April –September47%. Conclusion: The study concluded that more than half of the patients who visited pediatric clinic with nonspecific bone and muscle pains were vitamin D deficient.

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“…Electronic devices such as video game consoles, portable tablets, computers, and cell phones have provided children with entertainment that can be enjoyed indoors. As a result, they are less likely to engage in outdoor activities, which has significantly decreased exposure to sunlight in this age group [11,14]. Although obesity has also been reported as a risk factor for VDD with various proposed mechanisms of action, a portion of the VDD observed in obese individuals may be a result of confounding effects [15].…”

Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin D Deficiency: Implications in COVID-19 and Schizophrenia

Saberian¹,

Atif²,

Stein³

et al. 2023

Vitamin D Deficiency - New Insights

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Deficiencies in vitamin D can have several etiologies, broadly classified as the following: suboptimal exposure to ultraviolet-B (UV-B) light from sunlight, low dietary intake of vitamin-D or reduced absorption due to gastrointestinal pathologies, reduced production due to liver or kidney disease, pseudo-deficiencies caused by end organ resistance despite normal or elevated vitamin D levels, and medication-induced stimulation of hepatic cytochrome P450 enzymes for which vitamin D is a substrate. Deficiencies in this important vitamin can have several adverse clinical implications such as osteomalacia, osteoporosis, muscle pain, and depression to name a few. More recently, vitamin D has been shown to be involved in modulating various aspects of the immune system. Vitamin D receptors have also been found to be present in certain regions of the brain, especially those involved in schizophrenia. We will discuss the implications of vitamin D deficiency and its immunomodulatory role in the setting of the COVID-19 virus, the proposed cellular and molecular mechanisms of action for vitamin D in the context of schizophrenia, and the clinical outcomes associated with these two pathologies as a function of low vitamin D levels.

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Vitamin D Status and Health Outcomes in School Children in Northern Ireland: Year One Results from the D-VinCHI Study

Cited by 12 publications

References 77 publications

Low socioeconomic status predicts vitamin D status in a cross-section of Irish children

Low socioeconomic status predicts vitamin D status in a cross-section of Irish children

Serum Vitamin D levels of children attending pediatric clinic at HMC IBP.

Vitamin D Deficiency: Implications in COVID-19 and Schizophrenia

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