Vitamin D status and determinants of deficiency among non-pregnant Jordanian women of reproductive age

Nichols, Erin; Khatib, Ibrahim M.D.; Aburto, Nancy; Sullivan, Kevin M.; Scanlon, Kelley S.; Wirth, James P.; Serdula, Mary K.

doi:10.1038/ejcn.2012.25

Cited by 48 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…It found levels of serum 25(OH) vitamin D to be notably higher among rural/semiurban resident populations than among urban ones (28.9 and 26.6 ng/mL, respectively). Other investigations in Middle Eastern contexts have arrived at similar findings19,31,32; for example, a cross-sectional research examining a sample of non-pregnant Jordanian women of reproductive age found that in comparison with women living rurally who had attained at least secondary education, the deficiency prevalence was 1.30 times greater for urban women with the same level of education and 1.18 times greater for urban women who had attained a level of education below secondary 19. These differences in risk levels might be because the UV-B radiation from sunlight is the main human source of vitamin D, so urban residents face a greater risk of vitamin D deficiency because the areas in which they live tend to have higher levels of air pollution which can partially block ultraviolet B photons 33.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Prevalence and Predictors of Hypovitaminosis D Among Female University Students in Tabuk, Saudi Arabia

Alzaheb

Al‐Amer

2017

Clin Med�Insights�Womens�Health

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BACKGROUNDA high hypovitaminosis D prevalence has repeatedly been reported in Middle Eastern countries. Previous data regarding the vitamin D status of young women in Saudi Arabia and the related hypovitaminosis D risk factors are scarce, so this research assessed hypovitaminosis D prevalence and its risk factors among apparently healthy female university students in Tabuk, Saudi Arabia.METHODSThis cross-sectional research used a convenience sample of healthy female students (n = 180) aged between 19 and 25 years in May 2016. Information was gathered on the participants’ sociodemographics, health, lifestyle, dietary intakes, anthropometry, and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), and a logistic regression analysis was performed to assess hypovitaminosis D risk factors.RESULTSThe sample’s hypovitaminosis D prevalence (25(OH)D <30 ng/mL) was 80.6%. The main determinants of hypovitaminosis D were as follows: urban residence (odds ratio [OR] = 6.54; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.74–5.63), rare sun exposure (OR = 6.14; 95% CI, 2.15–17.55), and insufficient vitamin D intake (OR = 2.50; 95% CI, 1.07–5.81).CONCLUSIONSThe findings emphasize that despite plentiful sunshine, Saudi Arabia and the Middle East face a vitamin D deficiency epidemic. Vitamin D status must therefore be assessed at the national level so that strategies aimed at boosting vitamin D levels can be instigated.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Prevalence and Predictors of Hypovitaminosis D Among Female University Students in Tabuk, Saudi Arabia

Alzaheb

Al‐Amer

2017

Clin Med�Insights�Womens�Health

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“…Some authors have demonstrated a correlation between age and vitamin D in a direct [21,22] or indirect manner [23,24], whereas others have found no correlation [25,26]. In agreement with our findings, Nichols et al [27] did not find any association between age and vitamin D status in a survey of Jordanian women aged between 15 and 49 years. …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Serum Vitamin D and Facial Aging: Is There a Link?

Dawoud

Bakry

Shoeib

et al. 2016

Skin Pharmacol Physiol

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Background: The vitamin D endocrine system, besides multiple other functions, regulates aging in many tissues, including the skin. It protects the skin against the hazardous effects of many skin age-inducing agents, including ultraviolet radiation. Thus, in the present study we aimed to investigate the relationship between facial skin aging and 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] serum levels in healthy Egyptian adults. Methods: Sixty-one healthy adult subjects were included. Photodamage scores (erythema/telangiectasias, lentigines, hyperpigmentation and coarse wrinkling) were assessed and graded. Serumvitamin D was measured using enzyme immunoassay and subjects were classified as sufficient, insufficient or deficient according to the vitamin level. Results: The mean 25(OH)D serum level was 43.90 nmol/l. A high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was detected in the studied subjects regardless of their age or gender. Also, vitamin D levels were not correlated with photodamage scores and were not affected by the Fitzpatrick skin phototype, duration of sun exposure per day or the use of sunscreens (p > 0.05 for all). Conclusions: Aging is a complex process that is influenced by many genetic and environmental factors. Facial aging is not correlated with serum vitamin D level, and clinical trials using oral or topical vitamin D to combat aging are better predictors of its effects rather than in vivo studies.

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“…The overwhelming majority of studies revealed 25(OH)D levels in the low teens [25(OH)D 10−15 ng/ml], even considering population-based studies. Consistent predictors across these studies for lower values were age, albeit with differing findings, some studies showing older age to be a risk factor, 57 , 67 , 69 while others point to younger age, 41 , 42 , 77 female gender in adults 41 , 61 , 63 , 72 , 75 , 82 and children, 83 - 89 winter season, sunlight exposure and veiling, 40 , 41 , 44 , 56 , 60 , 63 , 66 , 75 , 78 , 81 , 90 , 92 except in some studies from gulf countries where summer registers lowest values in studies from the United Arab Emirates, 75 , 77 pollution, 43 low calcium or vitamin D dietary intake, 67 , 77 , 80 , 81 , 90 , 92 and exclusive breast feeding in infants 88 . Other predictors included high BMI and /or increased adiposity, 39 , 60 , 66 - 68 , 72 , 93 and lower SES status or educational level 44 , 60 , 64 , 68 , 80 , 83 .The impact of menopause was not consistent across studies, whereas premenopausal women had higher levels in the study from Saudi Arabia, 67 the opposite was found in UAE 77 Table 1.…”

Section: Magnitude Of the Problem And Predictors Of Low Vitamin D Statusmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…The first included 4590 subjects and revealed a surprising high mean 25(OH)D level of 73 ng/ml in males and 40 ng/ml in females, 57 levels that remain unmatched in any other study or population. Conversely, a study of 2032 women, age 15−49 y revealed a median vitamin D of 11 ng/ml, 96% of subjects had levels below 20 ng/ml, and 60% were below a cut-off of 12 ng/ml 56 . While the former study used a Biosource assay, the latter used the gold standard LCMS assay to measure vitamin D. Aside from assay differences, reasons for such wide discrepancies remain unexplained.…”

Section: Magnitude Of the Problem And Predictors Of Low Vitamin D Statusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypovitaminosis D in the Middle East and North Africa

Bassil

Rahme²,

Hoteit³

et al. 2013

Dermato-Endocrinology

159

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Background: The Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region registers some of the highest rates of hypovitaminosis D worldwide. Aim: We systematically reviewed the prevalence of hypovitaminosis D, rickets and osteomalacia, their predictors and impact on major outcomes, in the region. Methods: Medline, Pubmed and Embase search engines, entering keywords and concepts, combined with individual countries of interest, were used. Search was limited years 2000–2012; and review articles were used for the period preceding year 2000. Results: Rickets and osteomalacia still occur in this sunny region. Hypovitaminosis D prevails, with rates varying 30–90%, considering a desirable serum 25 hydroxy-vitamin D [25(OH)D] of 20 ng/ml. Advancing age, female gender, multi-parity, clothing style, season, socio-economic status and urban living are recognized predictors of hypovitaminosis D in adults. Prolonged breastfeeding without vitamin D supplementation and low dietary calcium intake are the recognized risk factors for rickets and hypovitaminosis D in children.. Associations with pain score and disease activity in rheumatologic disorders, viral load and interleukins in hepatitis C, BMI, lipids and insulin sensitivity, blood pressure, heart failure and mortality are described. Sun exposure in adults decreased prevalence of metabolic syndrome in one study. Few randomized vitamin D trials revealed that the majority of mothers or children failed to achieve a desirable 25(OH)D level, even with doses by far exceeding current recommendations. A trial in adolescent girls reveals substantial bone and lean mass increments. Conclusion: Hypovitaminosis D is prevalent in MENA. The lack of populations based studies, gaps in studies in infants, pre-pubertal children and pregnant women, hinder the development of region specific guidelines and constitute a major obstacle to impact this chronic and most often subclinical disease.

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Vitamin D status and determinants of deficiency among non-pregnant Jordanian women of reproductive age

Cited by 48 publications

References 37 publications

Prevalence and Predictors of Hypovitaminosis D Among Female University Students in Tabuk, Saudi Arabia

Prevalence and Predictors of Hypovitaminosis D Among Female University Students in Tabuk, Saudi Arabia

Serum Vitamin D and Facial Aging: Is There a Link?

Hypovitaminosis D in the Middle East and North Africa

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