Vitamin D receptor gene polymorphism in Madura pregnant women with hypertension: a case control study

Abstract

Background Genetic factors are important considerations in the etiology of preeclampsia and gestational hypertension. Several previous studies have shown an association of Vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphisms with hypertension in pregnancy. However, the number of studies is still very limited and the results differ from one another. Aim of the study This study aimed to analyze the polymorphisms of rs2228570 and rs731236 of the VDR gene in subjects with hypertension and non-hypertension in pregnancy in Madura ethnicity. Subjects and methods The researchers conducted tests for two polymorphisms in the VDR gene among 210 subjects consisting of 105 pregnant women with hypertension and 105 non-hypertension pregnant women from Madura ethnicity. The rs2228570 (T>C) and rs731236 (C>T) polymorphisms were detected by Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism. All data were analyzed by T-tests and Chi-Square tests. Results The TT genotype frequency of rs2228570 (15.2%) in the hypertension group was higher than in the control group (6.7%) (p = 0.047). Subjects with the TT genotype at rs2228570 showed a 3.048 times greater risk of developing hypertension than the CC genotype (OR = 3.048: 1.135–8.183, p = 0.023). The T allele frequency of rs2228570 (40.5%) in the hypertension group was higher than in the control group (30.5%) (p = 0.032). Subjects with the T allele had 1.551 times greater risk of developing hypertension. There was no significant difference in genotype and allele of rs731236 between hypertension subjects and controls. Conclusion The TT genotype and T allele of rs2228570 in the hypertension group were risk factors for hypertension in this study. While the TT genotype and T allele at rs731236 were not risk factors for hypertension in pregnancy. Genotyping of VDR gene polymorphisms in pregnant women is expected to be useful in strategies for treating hypertension in pregnancy.

A plethora of laboratory protocols for vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene variants detection: a systematic review of associations with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy

“…In the present study, approximately 6 (67%) studies used PCR-RFLP (26, 27,42,44,45,47). All studies that utilized PCR-RFLP demonstrated an association with FokI and were reported from Asian populations (27,42,44). In contrast, one study reported an association with the ApaI variant (45).…”

“…According to our based on population, 4 (44%) studies that showed an association with the FokI variant were reported in Asian populations (27,42,44,46). However, one study of Caucasians in Italy reported an association with the combined variant of FokI and BsmI (43).…”

“…Approximately 56% of the included studies reported an association between the FokI variant and an increased risk of HDP (27,(42)(43)(44)46). According to a study of Madura pregnant women in Indonesia, the FokI TT genotype of the VDR variant is linked with a 3-fold increased vulnerability to developing GH (27).…”

“…Numerous studies have examined the association of BsmI variants and an increased risk of GH; however, ndings have been inconsistent across different authors and ethnic groups. Some studies found no signi cant link between the BsmI variant and increased GH risk (27,42,(44)(45)(46), while others showed a correlation between speci c genotypes (Bb and bb) and hypertensive disorders during pregnancy (26,43). In a Polish study, the BsmI AA genotype was more prevalent in mothers with PE and was related to a 2-fold risk of preeclampsia development (26).…”

“…The VDR variants sequences and other background information are shown (Table 1). Numerous studies have been carried out to investigate the role of VDR genetic polymorphisms in the pathogenesis of pregnancy complications, including GH, PE, GDM, preterm delivery and miscarriages (17,(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29). In addition to genetic variations in the VDR, recent evidence has suggested that vitamin D de cit is associated with reduced endothelial VDR expression, resulting in inadequate vitamin D action and more severe pregnancy complications, such as hypertensive disorders (11).…”