Vitamin D protects against diabetic nephropathy: Evidence-based effectiveness and mechanism

Hu, Xiaofang; Liu, Wanli; Yan, Yuanliang; Liu, Hengdao; Huang, Qiong; Xiao, Yi; Gong, Zhicheng; Du, Jie

doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.09.037

Cited by 45 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 93 publications

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“…In addition to the protective anti-inflammatory effect of VDRAs on the diabetic nephropathy, several clinical and experimental studies have attributed to the VDRAs a role in the control of the progression of diabetic nephropathy, mainly through their combined effects on the RAS, inflammation, and suppression of the renal tubular EMT. [ 179 ]. The protective role of VDRAs in the development of diabetic nephropathy seems to be well accepted, but their potential beneficial role in diabetic cardiomyopathy still needs to be consolidated [ 180 ].…”

Section: Vitamin D and Ckd Fibrosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Fibrosis in Chronic Kidney Disease: Pathogenesis and Consequences

Panizo

Martínez-Arias

Alonso-Montes

et al. 2021

IJMS

176

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Fibrosis is a process characterized by an excessive accumulation of the extracellular matrix as a response to different types of tissue injuries, which leads to organ dysfunction. The process can be initiated by multiple and different stimuli and pathogenic factors which trigger the cascade of reparation converging in molecular signals responsible of initiating and driving fibrosis. Though fibrosis can play a defensive role, in several circumstances at a certain stage, it can progressively become an uncontrolled irreversible and self-maintained process, named pathological fibrosis. Several systems, molecules and responses involved in the pathogenesis of the pathological fibrosis of chronic kidney disease (CKD) will be discussed in this review, putting special attention on inflammation, renin-angiotensin system (RAS), parathyroid hormone (PTH), fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), Klotho, microRNAs (miRs), and the vitamin D hormonal system. All of them are key factors of the core and regulatory pathways which drive fibrosis, having a great negative kidney and cardiac impact in CKD.

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Section: Vitamin D and Ckd Fibrosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Fibrosis in Chronic Kidney Disease: Pathogenesis and Consequences

Panizo

Martínez-Arias

Alonso-Montes

et al. 2021

IJMS

176

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“…Additionally, VD 3 is synthesized in the skin as the biologically active VD form by exposure to the ultraviolet radiation from the sun (Gallagher et al., 2019). The marker for VD status is circulating 25(OH)D in the blood which is correlated with disease prevention and regulation of physiological functions (Abdel‐Rehim, El‐Tahan, El‐Tarawy, Shehata, & Kamel, 2019; Di Somma et al., 2017; Goncalves et al., 2014; Hoseini, Damirchi, & Babaei, 2017; Hu et al., 2019; Morello et al., 2018; Wintermeyer et al., 2016; Zhang et al., 2018). However, most people are not getting enough VD, attributed to insufficient sun exposure, disease occurrence, and insufficient dietary intake due to the presence of VD in only some limited foods such as eggs, liver, mushrooms, and oily fish (Calvo & Whiting, 2013; Manoy et al., 2017; Tracy et al., 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Encapsulation of vitamin D₃ in gum arabic to enhance bioavailability and stability for beverage applications

Lamsen

Wang

D’Souza

et al. 2020

Journal of Food Science

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Delivery of vitamin D3 (VD3) in foods should exhibit desirable physicochemical characteristics and improves absorption. In this study, gum arabic (GA) was investigated as a VD3 carrier to encapsulate VD3. VD3 dissolved in 5 mL ethanol corresponding to 0.3 to 6.0% mass of GA, was blended in 5.0% w/v GA solution, followed by freeze drying. The encapsulation efficiency decreased while loading capacity increased with an increased amount of VD3. At the highest VD3 level, the loading capacity (3.47%) was the highest, and the encapsulation efficiency (61.24%) was satisfactory, and the treatment was further studied. The magnitude of negative zeta‐potential increased from 3.1 to 31.0 mV at pH 2.0 to 7.4. During the 100‐day storage at 3 °C of capsules reconstituted at pH 2.0 to 7.4, the hydrodynamic diameter decreased at all pH conditions, most evident for reduction to 81.3 nm at pH 7.4, and no precipitation was observed, indicating the significance of steric repulsion on capsule stability. Bioaccessibility of VD3 in capsules (95.76%) was significantly higher than the nonencapsulated VD3 (68.98%). The in vivo pharmacokinetic study in Sprague–Dawley rats after a single‐dose of 300 µg VD3 showed the area‐under‐curve of serum 25(OHD) level in 48 hr of the encapsulation treatment was 4.32‐fold of the nonencapsulated VD3 and more than twice higher than the VD3‐GA physical mixture. During 2‐week supplementation of 60 µg VD3/d, rats receiving capsules or physical mixture had 25(OH)D levels of at least 81 ng/mL higher than that of the nonencapsulated VD3 group. The studied encapsulation system holds great potential as a value‐added ingredient to supplement VD3 in beverages with a wide pH range. Practical Application The findings of this study demonstrated the improved dispersion stability and absorption of vitamin D3 after encapsulation in gum arabic. The capsules exhibited good dispersion stability across a pH range between 2.0 and 7.4, showing potential application in beverages. Furthermore, the enhanced absorption of VD3 after encapsulation highlights the nutritional benefits of the studied encapsulation system.

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“…Accumulating evidence suggested that vitamin D may protect the kidney through alleviating oxidative stress [53], reducing inflammation response by blunting nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) activation [54], preventing epithelial-to-mesenchymal transformation, and suppressing the expression of transforming growth factor-β [49,55]. Moreover, vitamin D also can inhibit the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) through down-regulating renin expression, which plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of DKD [56,57]. However, clinical studies pertaining to the association between vitamin D status and DKD have reported inconsistent results.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations between vitamin D status and diabetic complications in Chinese population with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional study

Xiao

Wei

Xiong

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background Vitamin D status has been linked to diabetes-related complications due to multiple extraskeletal effects. We aimed to investigate the association between vitamin D deficiency (VDD) and diabetic vascular complications, including diabetic retinopathy (DR), diabetic kidney disease (DKD), and diabetic foot ulcers (DFU).Methods A total of 4284 Chinese patients with type 2 diabetic mellitus (T2DM) were enrolled into the cross-sectional study. VDD was defined as serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D < 50 nmol/L. Demographic data, physical measurements, laboratory measurements, comorbidities, and related medications were collected and analyzed by VDD status. Poisson regression with robust variance estimation and binary logistic regression were performed to explore the relationship between VDD and diabetic complications.Results The prevalence of VDD, DR, DKD, DFU accounted to 71.7% (95% confidence intervals [CI]: 70.3%-73.0%), 28.5% (95% CI: 27.2%-29.9%), 28.2% (95% CI: 26.8%-29.5%) and 5.7% (95% CI: 5.1%-6.5%), respectively. The prevalence ratios (95% CI) for DR and DKD by VDD status, adjusted for demographics, physical measurements, laboratory measurements, related complications and comorbidities, and medications, were 1.093 (0.983–1.215) and 1.041 (0.937–1.156), respectively. The odds ratio (95% CI) for DFU by VDD status was 1.656 (1.159–2.367) in the final adjusted model. Meanwhile, the prevalence of VDD was significantly higher in patients with DFU compared with patients without DFU.Conclusions The present study firstly indicated that VDD was significantly associated with a higher prevalence of DFU among Chinese T2DM patients. The association between VDD status and DR or DKD was not significant when adjusting for all potential covariates. Vitamin D screening or supplementation may be beneficial to prevent diabetic complications and improve the prognosis of T2DM patients.

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Vitamin D protects against diabetic nephropathy: Evidence-based effectiveness and mechanism

Cited by 45 publications

References 93 publications

Fibrosis in Chronic Kidney Disease: Pathogenesis and Consequences

Fibrosis in Chronic Kidney Disease: Pathogenesis and Consequences

Encapsulation of vitamin D₃ in gum arabic to enhance bioavailability and stability for beverage applications

Associations between vitamin D status and diabetic complications in Chinese population with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional study

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Vitamin D protects against diabetic nephropathy: Evidence-based effectiveness and mechanism

Cited by 45 publications

References 93 publications

Fibrosis in Chronic Kidney Disease: Pathogenesis and Consequences

Fibrosis in Chronic Kidney Disease: Pathogenesis and Consequences

Encapsulation of vitamin D3 in gum arabic to enhance bioavailability and stability for beverage applications

Associations between vitamin D status and diabetic complications in Chinese population with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional study

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Encapsulation of vitamin D₃ in gum arabic to enhance bioavailability and stability for beverage applications