Vitamin D in autistic children and healthy controls

Bičı́ková, Marie; Máčová, Ludmila; Ostatníková, Daniela; Hanzlíková, Lenka

doi:10.33549/physiolres.933902

Cited by 9 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Lastly, 34 eligible articles (a total of 20,580 participants) were included in the meta-analysis. Of these, 26 case-control studies [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][34][35][36][37][48][49][50] (1792 ASDs, 1969 controls) reported the blood vitamin D concentration of children and adolescents; three case-control studies [42,43,51], and two nested case-control studies [38,40] (2687 ASDs, 3574 controls) examined the neonatal vitamin D concentration of participants; one case-control study [52] and one nested case-control study [38] (517 ASDs, 642 controls) assessed maternal vitamin D concentration of the ASD and control groups; two cohort studies [39,41] (5442 neonates, 3957 pregnant women) investigated the OR/RR for ASD incidence after being exposed to early-life vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency. The participants of two articles included not only neonates but also pregnant women, so there were 36 total studies from 34 articles.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Besides the plausible biological explanations, some epidemiological studies also reached related conclusions. A large number of case-control studies investigating the vitamin D status of children and adolescents with ASD from different countries and races showed that autistic children and adolescents had lower vitamin D status [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31], but seven studies reached the opposite conclusions [32][33][34][35][36][37]. Moreover, several prospective studies investigated the role of maternal and neonatal vitamin D deficiency in autism onset.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Association between Vitamin D Status and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD): A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2020

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The association between vitamin D status and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is well-investigated but remains to be elucidated. We quantitatively combined relevant studies to estimate whether vitamin D status was related to ASD in this work. PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library were searched to include eligible studies. A random-effects model was applied to pool overall estimates of vitamin D concentration or odds ratio (OR) for ASD. In total, 34 publications involving 20,580 participants were identified in this present study. Meta-analysis of 24 case–control studies demonstrated that children and adolescents with ASD had significantly lower vitamin D concentration than that of the control group (mean difference (MD): −7.46 ng/mL, 95% confidence interval (CI): −10.26; −4.66 ng/mL, p < 0.0001, I2 = 98%). Quantitative integration of 10 case–control studies reporting OR revealed that lower vitamin D was associated with higher risk of ASD (OR: 5.23, 95% CI: 3.13; 8.73, p < 0.0001, I2 = 78.2%). Analysis of 15 case–control studies barring data from previous meta-analysis reached a similar result with that of the meta-analysis of 24 case–control studies (MD: −6.2, 95% CI: −9.62; −2.78, p = 0.0004, I2 = 96.8%), which confirmed the association. Furthermore, meta-analysis of maternal and neonatal vitamin D showed a trend of decreased early-life vitamin D concentration in the ASD group (MD: −3.15, 95% CI: −6.57; 0.26, p = 0.07, I2 = 99%). Meta-analysis of prospective studies suggested that children with reduced maternal or neonatal vitamin D had 54% higher likelihood of developing ASD (OR: 1.54, 95% CI: 1.12; 2.10, p = 0.0071, I2 = 81.2%). These analyses indicated that vitamin D status was related to the risk of ASD. The detection and appropriate intervention of vitamin D deficiency in ASD patients and pregnant and lactating women have clinical and public significance.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Association between Vitamin D Status and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD): A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2020

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“…ASD: 95.63 ± 26.63; CG: 140.43 ± 17.68 (Arastoo et al, 2018 ) Iran -Assess the serum level of vitamin D among children with ASD in the city of Ahvaz, Iran 62 ASD 84% male 31 CG 9 years 1 year -Vitamin D levels -Establish significant differences between ASD and CG levels. ASD: 9.04 ± 4.14, CG: 15.25 ± 7.89 (Bičíková et al, 2019 ) Czech Republic -Determine calcidiol levels in a group of autistic children and compared with healthy children of the same age as controls 45ASD 100% male 40 CG 4–7 years N/A -Vitamin D levels -No significant differences were found between ASD and control groups. ASD: 65.22 ± 25.950; CG: 64.46 ± 20.7 (Guo et al, 2019 ) China -Investigate vitamin A (VA) and vitamin D (VD) levels in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) -Determine whether VA and VD co-deficiency exacerbates clinical symptoms 332 ASD 48.5% male 197 CG 3–6 years N/A -Vitamin D levels -Vitamin D levels were lower in the ASD group than in CG -Differences in vitamin A and vitamin D accentuated the symptoms of ASD (Şengenç et al, 2020 ) Turkey -Investigate the relationship between autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and vitamin D levels in children and adolescents 100 ASD 100 CG 1529 ASD 80% male 3–18 years N/A -Vitamin D levels -Lower vitamin D levels in ASD group than in CG.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum Vitamin D, Folate and Fatty Acid Levels in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Gallardo-Carrasco

Jiménez‐Barbero

Bravo-Pastor

et al. 2021

J Autism Dev Disord

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Vitamin and fatty acid deficiency in children diagnosed with autism has been linked to the etiology and course of the disease but the results have been inconsistent. In our work, we present a narrative review, which includes 20 observational studies that provide data on the blood levels of vitamin D, folate, or fatty acids of children diagnosed with ASD (Autism Spectrum Disorder—AG group), and of a control group (children without this disorder—CG group). The main characteristics and results are presented in a summary table. Of the 20 above-mentioned studies, a meta-analysis of vitamin D and folate levels was carried out in 14 of them, with a total of 2269 children (AG = 1159, CG = 1110). Vitamin D levels were lower in AG compared to CG: SMD, 95% CI = − 0.83 [− 1.15, − 0.50]. In terms of folate levels, a total of 299 children (AG = 148, CG = 151) were analyzed, finding no significant differences with the control group: SMD, 95% CI = − 0.16 [− 0.63, 0.32]. Only one study that provided data on fatty acids in children with ASD was included in the review although it was not possible to include it in the meta-analysis. We conclude that the nutritional status (vitamin and fatty acid levels) of patients diagnosed with ASD should be taken into account, as correct adjustment of these levels—may produce an improvement in the course of the disease and could also reduce the risk of its development.

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“…11 Meanwhile, some studies have shown that vitamin D can improve the core symptoms in ASD children. 12 A number of randomised trials showed that ASD had lower vitamin D level in different countries and races, [13][14][15][16] but several studies reached the opposite conclusions. [17][18][19] Meanwhile, A prospective research found that neonatal vitamin D was associated with the occurrence of ASD, 20 however a cohort study revealed gravida with vitamin D de ciency at mid-gestation in high risk to give birth to ASD infants while neonatal vitamin D was not associated with ASD.…”

Section: Prospero Registration Number:crd42021264097mentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin D for Autism Spectrum Disorders:a Protocol for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Wang

Chu

Hao

et al. 2021

Preprint

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IntroductionAutism spectrum disorder(ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by repetitive and stereotypic behavior, impaired social interactions and communications. An increasing number of reseachers suggested that vitamin D may be participated in the pathogenesis of ASD, and vitamin D deficiency may be one of the causes of ASD.Meanwhile, some studies have shown that vitamin D can improve the core symptoms in ASD children.On top of updating the latest systematic review on vitamin D supplementation and ASD, we aim to conduct the meta-analyses of trials on vitamin D3 supplementation and ASD. Besides, we will conduct for the first time subgroup analyses based on individual patient data collected from randomised controlled trials.Methods and analysisA systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis on randomised placebo-controlled trials with a vitamin D3 intervention. All studies are searched from inception without time restriction. The addressed outcomes are 25-hydroxyvitamin D, Childhood Autism Rating Scaleas(CARS), Autism Behavior Checklist (ABC), Social Responsiveness Scale(SRS) and M-CHAT. Trial results will be reanalysed using Cox proportional hazard regression models and meta-analyses are performed. Cochran’s Q-Test and the I2 index will be used to statistically assess the level of heterogeneity, while sensitivity and subgroup analyses serve to identify potential causes of heterogeneity. Subgroup analyses will be conducted for age, sex, 25-hydroxyvitamin D level,vitamin D3 dosing, follow-up time,and the core symptoms of ASD. Publication bias will be assessed by funnel plots and Egger’s test. Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is not required since no human beings are involved in this systematic review. Results will be published in a peer-reviewed journal with open access. Strengths and limitations of this study1.Meta-analysis on vitamin D and ASD,we not only study the relationship between vitamin D deficiency and the occurrence of ASD, the preventive and therapeutic effects of vitamin D on ASD, but also the influence factors of vitamin D supplementation on the therapeutic effect of ASD. 2.Assess study quality, sources of heterogeneity and bias minimise the risk of bias and will gather reproducible results.3.Eligible data for meta-analysis may be limited.PROSPERO registration number:CRD42021264097

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Vitamin D in autistic children and healthy controls

Cited by 9 publications

References 26 publications

The Association between Vitamin D Status and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD): A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

The Association between Vitamin D Status and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD): A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Serum Vitamin D, Folate and Fatty Acid Levels in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Vitamin D for Autism Spectrum Disorders:a Protocol for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

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