Vitamin D – has the new dawn for dietary recommendations arrived?

Lanham-New, Susan A; Wilson, L.

doi:10.1111/jhn.12360

Cited by 12 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 17 publications

(17 reference statements)

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“…The introduction of 10 µg/d as the new RNI for the UK population aged 1 year and above introduces a new era for vitamin D recommendations (51) . The Scientific Advisory Committee on Nutrition Vitamin D Working Group recognised that achieving the new RNI of 10 µg/ d from natural dietary sources alone would be a challenge and so they have recommended that the UK government, namely Public Health England and the Department of Health, give consideration to strategies to support the UK population with achieving this RNI (14) .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin D deficiency as a public health issue: using vitamin D₂or vitamin D₃in future fortification strategies

et al. 2017

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The role of vitamin D in supporting the growth and maintenance of the skeleton is robust; with recent research also suggesting a beneficial link between vitamin D and other non-skeletal health outcomes, including immune function, cardiovascular health and cancer. Despite this, vitamin D deficiency remains a global public health issue, with a renewed focus in the UK following the publication of Public Health England's new Dietary Vitamin D Requirements. Natural sources of vitamin D (dietary and UVB exposure) are limited, and thus mechanisms are needed to allow individuals to achieve the new dietary recommendations. Mandatory or voluntary vitamin D food fortification may be one of the mechanisms to increase dietary vitamin D intakes and subsequently improve vitamin D status. However, for the food industry and public to make informed decisions, clarity is needed as to whether vitamins D2 and D3 are equally effective at raising total 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations as the evidence thus far is inconsistent. This review summarises the evidence to date behind the comparative efficacy of vitamins D2 and D3 at raising 25(OH)D concentrations, and the potential role of vitamin D food fortification as a public health policy to support attainment of dietary recommendations in the UK. The comparative efficacy of vitamins D2 and D3 has been investigated in several intervention trials, with most indicating that vitamin D3 is more effective at raising 25(OH)D concentrations. However, flaws in study designs (predominantly under powering) mean there remains a need for a large, robust randomised-controlled trial to provide conclusive evidence, which the future publication of the D2-D3 Study should provide (BBSRC DRINC funded: BB/I006192/1). This review also highlights outstanding questions and gaps in the research that need to be addressed to ensure the most efficacious and safe vitamin D food fortification practices are put in place. This further research, alongside cost, availability and ethical considerations (vitamin D3 is not suitable for vegans), will be instrumental in supporting government, decision-makers, industry and consumers in making informed choices about potential future vitamin D policy and practice.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin D deficiency as a public health issue: using vitamin D₂or vitamin D₃in future fortification strategies

et al. 2017

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“…Surprisingly, this topic has received limited scientific attention and there are inconsistencies in the reported results. For example, while cholecalciferol (Vitamin D3) and ergocalciferol (Vitamin D2) were historically considered equipotent, a conflicting evidence has led to uncertainty as to whether both forms are indeed equally efficacious in improving vitamin D status [ 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 ]. Also, a series of other factors could affect the efficiency of vitamin D absorption, including food matrix and formulation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficiency of Vitamin D Supplementation in Healthy Adults is Associated with Body Mass Index and Baseline Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Level

et al. 2020

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Vitamin D (VitD) has a critical role in phosphorous–calcium metabolism as well as an important role in the immune system. In the human body, VitD is synthesized as cholecalciferol in the skin, but this process requires sunlight (UVB) radiation. Numerous reports showed high prevalence of VitD deficiency, particularly during the winter season, indicating the importance of VitD supplementation. Various factors can affect the absorption of VitD, including dosage and formulation. The primary study objective was to examine the efficiency of supplementation with three different formulations containing cholecalciferol in comparison with the control group. The secondary objective was to identify other factors affecting increase in serum 25-OH-VitD. A randomized controlled intervention study was conducted in Slovenia during wintertime (January– March) on 105 apparently healthy subjects (aged 18–65 years) with suboptimal VitD status (25-OH-VitD 30–50 nmol/L). Subjects were randomized into four groups: three treatment groups receiving (A) capsules with starch-adsorbed VitD, (B) oil-based Valens VitD oral spray, or (C) water-based Valens VitD oral spray and a control group (D) which did not receive supplemental VitD. Two months of supplementation with cholecalciferol (1000 IU; 25 µg daily) resulted in significant increase in serum 25-OH-VitD levels in comparison with control group (pooled Δc 32.8 nmol/L; 95% CI: 23.0, 42.5, p < 0.0001). While we did not observe any significant differences between the tested formulations, the efficiency of supplementation was associated with body mass index and baseline serum 25-OH-VitD level. Higher supplementation efficiency was observed in participants with normal body weight (BMI < 25) and in those with more pronounced VitD insufficiency. We also determined that tested dosage was not sufficient to achieve recommended 25-OH-VitD levels in all subjects.

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“…The issue of which concentration of 25(OH)D in blood best reflects an appropriate vitamin D status is still a matter of controversy [ 5 , 17 , 22 , 24 , 40 , 41 ]. The German Society of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine (DGKJ) [ 23 ] defined “vitamin D deficiency” at 25(OH)D concentrations in serum below 20 ng/ml.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

No improvement in vitamin D status in German infants and adolescents between 2009 and 2014 despite public recommendations to increase vitamin D intake in 2012

Kunz

Hower²,

Knoll

et al. 2018

Eur J Nutr

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Vitamin D – has the new dawn for dietary recommendations arrived?

Cited by 12 publications

References 17 publications

Vitamin D deficiency as a public health issue: using vitamin D₂or vitamin D₃in future fortification strategies

Vitamin D deficiency as a public health issue: using vitamin D₂or vitamin D₃in future fortification strategies

Efficiency of Vitamin D Supplementation in Healthy Adults is Associated with Body Mass Index and Baseline Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Level

No improvement in vitamin D status in German infants and adolescents between 2009 and 2014 despite public recommendations to increase vitamin D intake in 2012

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Vitamin D – has the new dawn for dietary recommendations arrived?

Cited by 12 publications

References 17 publications

Vitamin D deficiency as a public health issue: using vitamin D2or vitamin D3in future fortification strategies

Vitamin D deficiency as a public health issue: using vitamin D2or vitamin D3in future fortification strategies

Efficiency of Vitamin D Supplementation in Healthy Adults is Associated with Body Mass Index and Baseline Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Level

No improvement in vitamin D status in German infants and adolescents between 2009 and 2014 despite public recommendations to increase vitamin D intake in 2012

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Vitamin D deficiency as a public health issue: using vitamin D₂or vitamin D₃in future fortification strategies

Vitamin D deficiency as a public health issue: using vitamin D₂or vitamin D₃in future fortification strategies