Vitamin D is the name for a group of fatsoluble secosteroids, prohormones. Almost all tissues of the human body have vitamin D receptors. 3% of the human genome is under the influence of vitamin D. A significant number of epidemiological studies confirmed the integral connection of vitamin D and its metabolites with the value of blood pressure. Vitamin D lowers blood pressure by inhibiting the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, modulating the tone of vascular smooth muscle cells and influencing the vascular endothelium. The results of randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses of the same do not generally support the widespread use of vitamin D in the prevention and treatment of arterial hypertension. Nevertheless, a large number of experimental studies confirm the antihypertensive effect of vitamin D supplementation predominantly in people aged ≥ 50 years as well as obese people with vitamin D deficiency. Further research is needed to determine the potential benefit of vitamin D replacement therapy in hypertensive people.