Vitamin D Determinants, Status, and Antioxidant/Anti-inflammatory-Related Effects in Cardiovascular Risk and Disease: Not the Last Word in the Controversy

Nera, Giulia Della; Sabatino, Laura; Gaggini, Melania; Gorini, Francesca; Vassalle, Cristina

doi:10.3390/antiox12040948

Cited by 16 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 203 publications

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“…Vitamin D can inhibit the NF-κB pathway, potentially suppressing the inflammatory response triggered by TLR activation in AT [ 104 ]. By impeding the phosphorylation and degradation of the IκB protein (inhibitor of kappa B, a protein that binds the NF-κB transcription factor and maintains NF-κB in an inactive state), the 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 -VDR complex hampers NF-κB translocation to the nucleus.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

From the Sun to the Cell: Examining Obesity through the Lens of Vitamin D and Inflammation

Popa,

Niță,

Caba

et al. 2023

Metabolites

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Obesity affects more than one billion people worldwide and often leads to cardiometabolic chronic comorbidities. It induces senescence-related alterations in adipose tissue, and senescence is closely linked to obesity. Fully elucidating the pathways through which vitamin D exerts anti-inflammatory effects may improve our understanding of local adipose tissue inflammation and the pathogenesis of metabolic disorders. In this narrative review, we compiled and analyzed the literature from diverse academic sources, focusing on recent developments to provide a comprehensive overview of the effect of vitamin D on inflammation associated with obesity and senescence. The article reveals that the activation of the NF-κB (nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1) and NLRP3 inflammasome (nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich-containing, pyrin domain-containing-3) pathways through the toll-like receptors, which increases oxidative stress and cytokine release, is a common mechanism underlying inflammation associated with obesity and senescence, and it discusses the potential beneficial effect of vitamin D in alleviating the development of subclinical inflammation. Investigating the main target cells and pathways of vitamin D action in adipose tissue could help uncover complex mechanisms of obesity and cellular senescence. This review summarizes significant findings related to opportunities for improving metabolic health.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

From the Sun to the Cell: Examining Obesity through the Lens of Vitamin D and Inflammation

Popa,

Niță,

Caba

et al. 2023

Metabolites

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“…The VDR gene encodes the vitamin D receptor, which is involved in lipid metabolism and has been implicated in CAD pathogenesis [ 49 ]. Vitamin D is also thought to have anti‐inflammatory and anti‐atherogenic effects, which may be mediated through the VDR [ 50 ]. The rs2228570 polymorphism is located in the 3′‐untranslated region (UTR) of the VDR gene, which does not affect the protein's amino acid sequence but may affect mRNA stability or translation efficiency.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of the ESR1 (rs9340799), OLR1 (rs3736234), LIPC (rs2070895), VDR (rs2228570), and CETP (rs708272) Polymorphisms With Risk of Coronary Artery Disease in Iranian Patients

Karam,

Yari,

Najmadini

et al. 2024

Clinical Laboratory Analysis

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BackgroundCoronary artery disease (CAD) is a devastating illness and a leading cause of death worldwide, primarily caused by atherosclerosis resulting from a genetic‐environmental interaction. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the ESR1 (rs9340799), OLR1 (rs3736234), LIPC (rs2070895), VDR (rs2228570), and CETP (rs708272) polymorphisms, lipid profile parameters, and CAD risk in a southeast Iranian population.MethodsA total of 400 subjects (200 CAD patients with hyperlipidemia and 200 healthy controls) were enrolled in this case–control study. Five selected polymorphisms were genotyped using the polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR‐RFLP) technique.ResultsFor all single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), the population under study was in the Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium. The T‐risk allele frequency of rs2228570 was associated with an increased risk of CAD. The TT and CT genotypes of rs2228570 had also been associated with the risk of CAD. Additionally, the TT genotype was associated with higher serum low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐c) and high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐c) levels. The GG genotype of the rs3736234 was associated with higher body mass index (BMI) and triglyceride (TG) levels, and the AA genotype of the rs708272 was associated with higher HDL‐c levels. Based on these findings, we propose that the VDR (rs2228570) polymorphism was associated with serum HDL‐c and LDL‐c levels and may serve as potential risk factors for CAD within the Iranian population. Moreover, rs3736234 and rs708272 influence the concentrations of TG and HDL‐c, respectively.ConclusionThese findings provided insights into the complex interplay between genetic variations, cardiovascular risk, and lipid metabolism.

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“…Interestingly, its levels have shown a correlation with intracranial aneurysm rupture in patients with SAH [ 160 ]. Furthermore, it has been suggested that the vasoprotective effects induced by vitamin D may be attributed to a reduction in oxidative stress [ 161 ]. Nevertheless, its ability to effectively prevent oxidative stress remains inconclusive, and its role as an antioxidant cannot currently be definitively established [ 162 ].…”

Section: Antioxidantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidative Stress and Cerebral Vascular Tone: The Role of Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species

Salvagno,

Sterchele,

Zaccarelli

et al. 2024

IJMS

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The brain’s unique characteristics make it exceptionally susceptible to oxidative stress, which arises from an imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, reactive nitrogen species (RNS) production, and antioxidant defense mechanisms. This review explores the factors contributing to the brain’s vascular tone’s vulnerability in the presence of oxidative damage, which can be of clinical interest in critically ill patients or those presenting acute brain injuries. The brain’s high metabolic rate and inefficient electron transport chain in mitochondria lead to significant ROS generation. Moreover, non-replicating neuronal cells and low repair capacity increase susceptibility to oxidative insult. ROS can influence cerebral vascular tone and permeability, potentially impacting cerebral autoregulation. Different ROS species, including superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, exhibit vasodilatory or vasoconstrictive effects on cerebral blood vessels. RNS, particularly NO and peroxynitrite, also exert vasoactive effects. This review further investigates the neuroprotective effects of antioxidants, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), vitamin C, vitamin E, and the glutathione redox system. Various studies suggest that these antioxidants could be used as adjunct therapies to protect the cerebral vascular tone under conditions of high oxidative stress. Nevertheless, more extensive research is required to comprehensively grasp the relationship between oxidative stress and cerebrovascular tone, and explore the potential benefits of antioxidants as adjunctive therapies in critical illnesses and acute brain injuries.

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Vitamin D Determinants, Status, and Antioxidant/Anti-inflammatory-Related Effects in Cardiovascular Risk and Disease: Not the Last Word in the Controversy

Cited by 16 publications

References 203 publications

From the Sun to the Cell: Examining Obesity through the Lens of Vitamin D and Inflammation

From the Sun to the Cell: Examining Obesity through the Lens of Vitamin D and Inflammation

Association of the ESR1 (rs9340799), OLR1 (rs3736234), LIPC (rs2070895), VDR (rs2228570), and CETP (rs708272) Polymorphisms With Risk of Coronary Artery Disease in Iranian Patients

Oxidative Stress and Cerebral Vascular Tone: The Role of Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species

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