Vitamin D deficiency status in Turkey: A meta-analysis

Abstract

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEDICAL BIOCHEMISTRY Meta Analysis Vitamin D deficiency status in Turkey: A meta-analysis V itamin D is a steroid hormone that has a major role in bone mineralization through the regulation of calcium and phosphorus metabolism. The main sources of vitamin D are cutaneous synthesis and the ingestion of food, especially fish oil, eggs, and liver [1]. The most common forms of vitamin D absorption are vitamin D2 (ergocalciferol) and vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol). Vitamin D3 is synthesized in the skin through sunlight exposure. This inactive form of vitamin D3 is then metabolized to the prohormone form, 25-hydroxyvitamin (OH)D3, in the liver. The biologically effective form, 1.25(OH)D3, is produced in the kidneys and has a half-life of approximately 2 to 3 weeks, while the circulating half-life of 1.25(OH)D is only 4 to 6 hours. Therefore , 25(OH)D3 is generally considered a measure of vitamin D status [1]. Vitamin D has a substantial function in the maintenance of bone health. A deficiency of vitamin D has been associated with the increased risk of a number of chronic conditions, including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, hypertension, some cancers, autoimmune diseases, neuropsychiatric disorders, metabolic disorders and infectious diseases associated with decreased immunity [2, 3]. The deficiency of vitamin D is a significant problem of public health in both the developed world and developing countries, with a reported prevalence of 30% to 80% of children and adults worldwide [4, 5]. There is not currently enough infor-Objectives: Vitamin D deficiency is a significant public health problem in both developed and developing countries, with a reported worldwide prevalence of 30% to 80% among children and adults. The purpose of this study was to examine vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency in Turkey based on a review of the existing research. Methods: PubMed, DergiPark, The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK), Google Scholar, Google, and Scopus search engines were queried. The keywords of Turkey, vitamin D, serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D, 25(OH)D3, 25(OH) vitamin D, deficiency/insufficiency of vitamin D, and prevalence were used in the screening process. The review included prospective and retrospective research studies with healthy individuals of various communities. The Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale was used to assess the risk of bias of the included studies. Results: A total of 40 studies with a sample size of 111.582 were included in the meta-analysis. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was estimated at 63% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 58.9-66.6) for the overall population. It was observed that vitamin D deficiency has been reported as 86.6% (95% CI: 70.2-94.6) for infants, 76% (95% CI: 65.2-84.3) for pregnant women, 39.8% (95% CI: 38-41.6) for children, and 63.5% (95% CI: 58.8-67.9) for adults. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among women and men was identified as 64.7% (95% CI: 57.5-71.2) and 39.5% (95% CI: 31.0-48.7), respectively. Conclusion...

The Relationship Between Vitamin D Level and Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms in Women

“…Likewise, in a meta-analysis, including 40 studies with 111,582 sample sizes published in 2019, vitamin D deficiency was shown as <20 ng/mL. [ 10 , 11 ] In our study, the mean age was 57 years and the mean vitamin D level was 21 ng/mL. The vitamin D level was >20 ng/mL in 56%, while <20 ng/mL in 44% of patients.…”

“…Vitamin D deficiency was common among the adult Turkish population. [ 10 , 11 ] However, higher vitamin D levels than expected in individuals at risk for vitamin D deficiency, especially in post-menopausal women, maybe due to frequent visits to the hospitals due to chronic diseases, such as hypertension or hyperlipidemia, allowing detection of vitamin D deficiency and vitamin D replacement in these patients. In addition, vitamin D replacement is used more widely in the elderly population as a part of treatment for osteoporosis.…”

“…Patients were divided into two groups according to age and vitamin D levels. 20 ng/mL was used as cut-off value for vitamin D.[ 10 , 11 ] Laboratory parameters and uroflowmetry results were compared between groups. The authors confirm the availability of, and access to, all original data reported in this study.…”

The Etiological Role of Thyroid Dysfunction and Vitamin Deficiency in Patients with Telogen Effluvium

“…In a meta-analysis, it was stated that 64.7% of Turkish women had vitamin d deficiency (9). In this study, serum vitamin D deficiency was present in more patients (97.3%) compared to vitamin D deficiency observed in the community (9).…”

“…In their study, which included 63 TE patients, Karadağ et al showed that serum vitamin D levels were lower in TE patients than in the control group (8). Vitamin D deficiency is a common condition in the community (9). In a meta-analysis, it was stated that 64.7% of Turkish women had vitamin d deficiency (9).…”