Vitamin D Deficiency in Pediatric Fracture Patients: Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Vitamin D Supplementation

Hematyar

J Kermanshah Univ Med Sci

et al. 2019

Background: Vitamin D has an essential role in bone growth and metabolism. Currently, its role has been investigated in different diseases. It is high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in the world, particularly in developing countries. Objectives: The aim of this study is to investigate the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in children of 1 -6 years old and its relation with their age, sex and body mass index. Methods: This study was conducted in pediatric clinic of Javaheri Hospital in Tehran, from 2016 to 2017. The study population was children of 1 -6 years old presenting to the pediatric clinic for routine examination or treatment. The collected data included age, gender, height, weight, and serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D level. Results: Of the total population of 288 children, 47.2% were female and 52.8% were male. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was 51%, while 4.51% had severe deficiency (level of vitamin D < 10 ng/mL). The relation between the level of vitamin D and variables of gender, height, weight, and body mass index was not statistically significant. Nonetheless, the level of vitamin D had a statistically significant relation with age such that, serum level of 25(OH) vitamin D reduced by 3.47 ng/mL for every one year of age (P < 0.001). Conclusions:The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency is increasing with increasing age. Therefore, adoption of preventive and therapeutic measures is necessary to reduce its prevalence and side effects.One billion people worldwide suffer from vitamin D deficiency, with a high prevalence in the Middle East countries such as Iran, especially in children under 12, with a prevalence range of 25 to 85% (1,2,8,12,13,(17)(18)(19)(20).Since Iran has adopted the policy to prevent vitamin D

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Prevalence of Vitamin D Deficiency Among Children of 1 - 6 Years Old, Tehran, Iran

Hematyar

J Kermanshah Univ Med Sci

et al. 2019

Journal of Children's Orthopaedics

“… 3 In another study, 189 children with fractures were analysed and 34% of them were vitamin D deficient. 21 In our study, the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in case group was 26.4% and insufficiency was 52.8%. In the control patients, the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was 6.6% and insufficiency was 16.5%.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 45%

Prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency in children with forearm fractures

Sağlam

Kizildag²,

Toprak

et al. 2017

PurposeThis study aimed to determine whether children with distal radius impaction fractures have increased prevalence of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH) D) insufficiency compared with healthy controls.Patients and MethodsThis is a prospective controlled study. The 30 children who were diagnosed with forearm fracture at the orthopaedic emergency clinic were included in the study and 30 healthy children from the routine paediatric outpatient unit were included as the control group. Peripheric venous 25(OH) D, calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), phosphor (P), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and parathyroid hormone (PTH) of both groups were recorded.The sample size was estimated based on the effect size for a type I error of 5% and power of 80%.ResultsDemographic characteristics of the two groups did not differ in terms of weekly physical activity levels and breast milk intake. The mean whole body BMI was similar in both groups of patients. History of previous fracture and 25(OH) D level were significantly lower in the patient group than the control group.ConclusionIn the present study, the prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency or deficiency was higher in patients with forearm impaction type fractures than healthy controls and the baseline levels reported in the literature. In addition, there were no significant differences in serum Ca, Mg, P, ALP and PTH levels between the healthy controls and the patient group.

“…This revealed serious vitamin D deficiency in pediatric patients with upper limb fractures. A recent study found a vitamin D deficiency rate of 34% in pediatric patients with upper or lower extremity fractures, 13 while another found a lower rate of 24% in patients with upper extremity fractures only. 8 This status was even worse in winter and spring, with as many as 67% of the patients had serum 25(OH)D levels <20 ng/ml and less than one in five had sufficient vitamin D. Long and cold winters, followed by chilly and windy springs, significantly reduced outdoor time and increased clothing, which might be part of the explanation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

High prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency in Chinese children with upper limb fractures

Liu

Wang

et al. 2020

Genes & Diseases

This study aimed at investigating the vitamin D status of pediatric patients with upper limb fractures and finding out the influences of age, gender, season and fracture sites. 695 patients were admitted for upper limb fractures between November 1st 2014 and October 31st 2015. 224 healthy children were included during the same period. Serum 25(OH)D was measured at the time of visit and their demographic data were recorded. Generally fracture patients had significant lower vitamin D level than the healthy children. The average serum 25(OH)D of the patients was 24.5 ng/ml, compared to 28.1 ng/ml in healthy children. Vitamin D status worsened with the increase of age and adolescents had a deficiency rate of as high as 68.6%. Gender and fracture sites had no influence on vitamin D level. This study revealed high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency in pediatric patients with upper limb fractures. Adolescents had such high rate of vitamin D deficiency that called for vast attention.