Vitamin D deficiency and vitamin D receptor FokI polymorphism as risk factors for COVID-19

Zeid, Ahmed; Lateef, Hanan Mohamed Abd El; Selim, Dalia; razek, suzan abd; Abd-Elrehim, Ghada A. B.; Nashat, Mohamed; ElGyar, Noha; Waked, Nevin M; Soliman, Attia A.; Elhewala, Ahmed; Shehab, Mohamed M.; Ibraheem, Ahmed A. A.; Shehata, Hassan; Yousif, Yousif M.; Akeel, Nagwa E.; Hashem, Mustafa; Ahmed, A. A.; Emam, Ahmed A.; Abdel‐Mohsen, Mohamed; Ahmed, Mohamed O.; Saleh, Ahmed; Eltrawy, Heba H; Shahin, Gehan H.; Nabil, Rehab M.; Hosny, Thoraya; Abdelhamed, Mohamed R; Afify, Mona; Alharbi, Mohanned Talal; Nagshabandi, Mohammed K.; Tarabulsi, Muyassar K.; Osman, Sherif; Abd-Elrazek, Amal S. M.; Rashad, Manal M.; El-Gaaly, Sonya Ahmed; Gad, Said Abdelbaky; Mohamed, Mohamed Y.; Abdelkhalek, Khalil; Yousef, A. A.

doi:10.1038/s41390-022-02275-6

Cited by 15 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Vitamin D’s biological effects are mediated via its nuclear receptor, which serves as a ligand-activated transcription factor [ 16 ]. Even though the Vitamin D receptor (VDR) is abundantly expressed in lung tissue, the possible significance of vitamin D–VDR signaling in pulmonary immunopathology is unknown [ 17 ]. The highly polymorphic VDR gene encodes VDR.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the Role of BglI rs739837 and TaqI rs731236 Polymorphisms in Vitamin D Receptor with SARS-CoV-2 Variants Mortality Rate

Albu-Mohammed

Anvari

Fateh

2022

Genes

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A lack of vitamin D is a potential risk factor for coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Variants in the Vitamin D Receptor (VDR) gene, such as BglI rs739837 and TaqI rs731236, are associated with various viral infection progressions. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between the BglI rs739837 and TaqI rs731236 polymorphisms and the mortality rate of COVID-19 based on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‑CoV‑2) variants. The genotyping of BglI rs739837 and TaqI rs731236 genotypes was analyzed using the polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism in 1734 improved and 1450 deceased patients positive for SARS-CoV-2. In this study, the rate of COVID-19 mortality was correlated with TaqI rs731236 TC and CC in the α variant and with TaqI rs731236 CC in the Delta variant, whereas no relationship was found in the Omicron BA.5 variant. In addition, the rate of COVID-19 mortality was associated with BglI rs739837 GT and TT in the Omicron BA.5 variant, while there was no association between BglI rs739837 and COVID-19 mortality in the α and Delta variants. The TG haplotype was more common in all SARS-CoV-2 variants, while the CT haplotype was associated with COVID-19 mortality in the Delta and Omicron BA.5 variants. In conclusion, this study indicated that the impacts of BglI rs739837 and TaqI rs731236 polymorphisms were related to SARS-CoV-2 variants. However, further research is still needed to approve our findings.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the Role of BglI rs739837 and TaqI rs731236 Polymorphisms in Vitamin D Receptor with SARS-CoV-2 Variants Mortality Rate

Albu-Mohammed

Anvari

Fateh

2022

Genes

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“…However, similar to our study, no relationship was found between Fok1 polymorphism and the prevalence of COVID-19. The study by Zeidan et al from Egypt found that the FF genotype of Fok1 was significantly higher in COVID-19 patients, and patients with this genotype showed a higher susceptibility to COVID-19 infection (29). Ethnic group differences could explain discrepancies between the study results.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Vitamin D Deficiency and Receptor Polymorphisms as Risk Factors for COVID-19

Efe Iris,

Akman,

Akin

et al. 2023

Jundishapur J Microbiol

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Background: Early immune responses to COVID-19 can help eliminate the virus; therefore, strategies to improve the immune system have become important in disease prevention. Vitamin D plays a crucial role in the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 by increasing the expression of the vitamin D receptor. Objectives: This study investigated the impact of vitamin D deficiency, Fok 1, and Taq 1 Vitamin D Receptor (VDR) gene polymorphisms and comorbidities on the susceptibility to COVID-19. Methods: Fok1 and Taq1 polymorphisms were analyzed using the RT-PCR method, and vitamin D levels were measured using the chemiluminescence method. A total of 200 patients, 100 with COVID-19 and 100 without, provided blood samples for analysis. Results: The COVID-19 positive group had a significantly lower mean vitamin D level of 16.2 ± 11.3 ng/mL compared to the COVID-19 negative control group, 26.7 ± 15.9 ng/mL (P < 0.001). Individuals with a vitamin D level below 18.4 ng/mL had a 2.448 times higher risk of COVID-19 positivity (P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in the Fok1 and Taq1 gene polymorphisms between the two groups. (P = 0.548 and P = 0.098). The COVID-19 positive group had a significantly higher number of comorbid diseases with 40 (40%) compared to the negative group with 10 (10%) participants (P < 0.001). Conclusions: Levels of vitamin D above the cut-off value of 18.4 ng/mL were found to protect against COVID-19, while the presence of comorbid diseases was identified as a risk factor. However, no association was observed between the Fok1 and Taq1 polymorphisms and susceptibility to COVID-19.

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“…Several studies classified patients according to their serum 25(OH)D level of sufficiency, and variations were noted between the values defined as sufficient, insufficient, and deficient. Studies included in our systematic review determine vitamin D deficiency as levels of serum 25(OH)D less than 20 ng/mL (<50 nmol/L) [16][17][18], less than 12 ng/mL (<30 nmol/L) [9], or between 5 and 15 ng/mL [19], mild deficiency as of 21-30 ng/mL [20], and mild to moderate deficiency as of 10-24 ng/mL [21]. Two studies defined severe vitamin D deficiency as 25(OH)D levels below 10 ng/ml [21,22], and one study as less than 5 ng/mL [19].…”

Section: Findings Of the Included Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Vitamin D and Vitamin D Polymorphisms in COVID-19 Risk and Severity in Children: A Systematic Review

Giatraki,

Galanakis,

Perdikogianni

2024

Cureus

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The role of vitamin D in the susceptibility to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) disease has been investigated since the beginning of the pandemic, but there is still scarce data on children. We investigated the impact of vitamin D status and the related genetic variants on COVID-19 vulnerability and severity of the disease in children. A systematic review was performed in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, to identify reports on vitamin D status and genetic polymorphisms, their association with the susceptibility of children to COVID-19 and multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C), and the effect of supplementation on the clinical course. Of an initial total of 279 articles, 26 studies, published between September 2020 and May 2023, were finally included in this review according to inclusion criteria. Quantitative data provided by 11 studies revealed that 43.05% of pediatric COVID-19 patients had low vitamin D levels. Mean serum 25(OH)D levels were observed to be significantly low in COVID-19 cases, with an estimated pooled mean value of 17 ng/mL, as provided by 16 studies. Vitamin D deficiency and the vitamin D receptor (VDR) FokI polymorphism may suggest independent risk factors for susceptibility to COVID-19 in the pediatric population. The 25(OH)D level may constitute a significant biomarker associated with the COVID-19 severity and MIS-C. While supplementation of COVID-19 cases with vitamin D showed favorable results, the effect on the outcome of the disease remains uncertain.

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Vitamin D deficiency and vitamin D receptor FokI polymorphism as risk factors for COVID-19

Cited by 15 publications

References 49 publications

Evaluating the Role of BglI rs739837 and TaqI rs731236 Polymorphisms in Vitamin D Receptor with SARS-CoV-2 Variants Mortality Rate

Evaluating the Role of BglI rs739837 and TaqI rs731236 Polymorphisms in Vitamin D Receptor with SARS-CoV-2 Variants Mortality Rate

Vitamin D Deficiency and Receptor Polymorphisms as Risk Factors for COVID-19

Role of Vitamin D and Vitamin D Polymorphisms in COVID-19 Risk and Severity in Children: A Systematic Review

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