Vitamin D Concentration in Maternal and Umbilical Cord Blood by Season

Wierzejska, Regina; Jarosz, M.; Sawicki, Włodzimierz; Bachanek, M.; Siuba-Strzelińska, Magdalena

doi:10.3390/ijerph14101121

Cited by 22 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The placenta is formed at gestational week 4 allowing nutrients to reach the developing fetus. From this time until delivery 25(OH)D 3 easily crosses the placenta reaching concentrations in fetal cord blood equivalent to 87% of the maternal blood levels (164). The biological active vitamin D does not cross the placenta (Figure 3).…”

Section: Maternal Vitamin D Deficiency Association With Fetal Origin mentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunomodulatory Effects of Vitamin D in Pregnancy and Beyond

Cyprian

Lefkou²,

Varoudi³

et al. 2019

Front. Immunol.

125

100

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In addition to its role in calcium homeostasis and bone formation, a modulatory role of the active form of vitamin D on cells of the immune system, particularly T lymphocytes, has been described. The effects of vitamin D on the production and action of several cytokines has been intensively investigated in recent years. In this connection, deficiency of vitamin D has been associated with several autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), antiphospholipid syndrome (APS), Hashimoto Thyroiditis (HT), and multiple sclerosis (MS). In a successful pregnancy, the maternal immune response needs to adapt to accommodate the semiallogeneic fetus. Disturbances in maternal tolerance are implicated in infertility and pregnancy complications such as miscarriages (RM) and preeclampsia (PE). It is well-known that a subset of T lymphocytes, regulatory T cells (Tregs) exhibit potent suppressive activity, and have a crucial role in curtailing the destructive response of the immune system during pregnancy, and preventing autoimmune diseases. Interestingly, vitamin D deficiency is common in pregnant women, despite the widespread use of prenatal vitamins, and adverse pregnancy outcomes such as RM, PE, intrauterine growth restriction have been linked to hypovitaminosis D during pregnancy. Research has shown that autoimmune diseases have a significant prevalence within the female population, and women with autoimmune disorders are at higher risk for adverse pregnancy outcomes. Provocatively, dysregulation of T cells plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of autoimmunity, and adverse pregnancy outcomes where these pathologies are also associated with vitamin D deficiency. This article reviews the immunomodulatory role of vitamin D in autoimmune diseases and pregnancy. In particular, we will describe the role of vitamin D from conception until delivery, including the health of the offspring. This review highlights an observational study where hypovitaminosis D was correlated with decreased fertility, increased disease activity, placental insufficiency, and preeclampsia in women with APS.

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Section: Maternal Vitamin D Deficiency Association With Fetal Origin mentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunomodulatory Effects of Vitamin D in Pregnancy and Beyond

Cyprian

Lefkou²,

Varoudi³

et al. 2019

Front. Immunol.

125

100

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Hypovitaminosis D is more likely to take place during winter months because of the ineffectiveness of the winter sun to facilitate vitD synthesis [7]. Similar patterns were reported in studies from other countries [8][9][10][11][12]. In winter, sunlight travels longer through the atmosphere where the UVB is absorbed to a greater degree.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

Maternal factors associated with neonatal vitamin D deficiency

Wang

Gao

Liu

et al. 2019

Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism

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Background An adequate maternal vitamin D (vitD) intake is rarely achieved in actual practice. The aim of this study was to assess maternal factors associated with neonatal vitD deficiency. Methods This is a single-institution prospective case-control study. Consecutive single-birth neonates admitted between September 2014 and February 2015 were prospectively enrolled. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations were measured by spectrometry. The associations between neonatal vitD deficiency (defined as 25(OH)D <15 ng/mL) and several maternal characteristics, including body mass index (BMI) at delivery, education, health insurance status, birth season, sun exposure time, egg consumption, and vitD supplementation during pregnancy, were examined using multivariable logistic regression and their respective odds ratios (ORs) reported. Results A total of 125 mother-infant dyads were enrolled, with a gestational age of 36.8±2.7 weeks. Fifty-six percent (70/125) of the neonates had vitD deficiency. Maternal factors that were significantly associated with vitD deficiency included winter birth, insufficient sun exposure time, high maternal BMI at delivery, insufficient egg consumption, insufficient vitD supplementation during pregnancy, and disadvantaged health insurance. Disadvantaged insurance status and insufficient vitD supplementation during pregnancy were the two most influential factors of neonatal vitD deficiency, with an OR of 7.5 (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.0–37.6) and 7.0 (95% CI, 2.7–20.7), respectively. Conclusions Neonatal vitD deficiency is very rampant. An individualized vitD supplementation strategy may be developed by taking into consideration pregnant women’s socioeconomic status and lifestyles.

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“…Furthermore, Naseh et al [36] and Kilicaslan et al [37] detected VD deficiency rates of 27% and 53% and insufficiency rates of 73% and 47%, respectively, in their series of pregnant women. Moreover, Wierzejska et al [38] detected higher VD levels in maternal and umbilical cord blood in summer than in winter, but only 16% of studied pregnant women had the optimal VD level during summer. Recently, in 2018; Gustafsson et al [39] reported decreased 1,25(OH)2D in 45% of pregnant women with significant difference than women with adequate vitamin D status and found no association of VD indices and parathyroid hormone changes during pregnancy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Insulin resistance, obesity and hypovitaminosis D adversely affect pregnancy utcome: Can Supplemental vitamin D cut this risk?

Barakat

Edris

Al-Kholy

2018

Evidence Based Women's Health Journal

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Aim of work:To estimate serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25OH-VD) and insulin, and fasting blood glucose (FBG) early in pregnancy, determine the frequency and severity of insulin resistance (IR), gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and pre-eclampsia (PE) during pregnancy and the impact of VD supplemental therapy (VD-ST) on these effects. Patients and Methods: 494 pregnant women fulfilling the inclusion criteria were randomly divided into two equal groups: Study group received VD-ST as a daily oral dose of 1000 IU soft gels with meal since 6th week till delivery, while control group did not receive VD-ST. All women gave blood samples for colorimetric estimation of FBG and ELISA estimation of serum insulin and 25-OH-VD levels. Evaluated parameters included body mass index (BMI), VD sufficiency status and homeostasis model assessment IR (HOMA-IR) score. Oral glucose tolerance test for diagnosis of GDM was performed at the 20th, 28th and 36th week GA and blood pressure was measured regularly at follow-up visits for diagnosis of PE. Results: At time of enrolment, 405 women (81.9%) were overweight-obese, 86 women (17.4%) had IR and only 63 women (12.8%) had sufficient serum 25OH-VD level. At 3rd trimester, 68 women (13.8%) developed GDM, 71 women (14.4%) developed PE and 23 women (4.7%) developed both with significantly lower incidence in women who received VD-ST. Frequency of GDM and PE showed positive significant correlation with BMI and HOMA-IR score, while showed negative significant correlation with serum 25OH-VD. ROC curve analysis defined low 25OH-VD level and high HOMA-IR score as significant sensitive predictors for development of both GDM and PE ; while receiving VD-ST was the significant specific predictor for possibility of amelioration of such event. Kaplan-Meier regression curve defined a cumulative hazard for developing both GDM and PE of <20% with and 60% without VD-ST. Conclusion: VD deficiency-insufficiency is a problem that requires national evaluation for predisposition and progress. The triad of maternal hypovitaminosis D, obesity and IR is associated with development of GDM and/or PE. The proposed VD supplementation regimen effectively reduced the frequencies of pregnancy-associated or induced complications; so it is effective to break that triad.

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Vitamin D Concentration in Maternal and Umbilical Cord Blood by Season

Cited by 22 publications

References 29 publications

Immunomodulatory Effects of Vitamin D in Pregnancy and Beyond

Immunomodulatory Effects of Vitamin D in Pregnancy and Beyond

Maternal factors associated with neonatal vitamin D deficiency

Insulin resistance, obesity and hypovitaminosis D adversely affect pregnancy utcome: Can Supplemental vitamin D cut this risk?

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