Vitamin D, cognition, and dementia

Abstract

Objective: To examine the association between cognitive function and dementia with vitamin D concentration in adults.Methods: Five databases were searched for English-language studies up to August 2010, and included all study designs with a comparative group. Cognitive function or impairment was defined by tests of global or domain-specific cognitive performance and dementia was diagnosed according to recognized criteria. A vitamin D measurement was required. Two authors independently extracted data and assessed study quality using predefined criteria. The Q statistic and I 2 methods were used to test for heterogeneity. We conducted meta-analyses using random effects models for the weighted mean difference (WMD) and Hedge's g. Results:Thirty-seven studies were included; 8 contained data allowing mean Mini-Mental State

Cognitive Impairment in Chronic Kidney Disease-Prevalence, Mechanisms and Consequences

“…The effect of diet (limiting phosphate intake, taking phosphate binders, limiting sodium and fluid intake) to avoid fluid and osmotic changes [18] on cognition in CKD has to our knowledge so far not systematically been investigated and also the effect of exercise still needs further investigation even though exercise is recommended in CKD patients [18,46]. For vitamin D supplementation, which is important for cognition [47] and bone mineral density [18], evidence is so far insufficient for a recommendation in CKD patients with vitamin D deficiency on a regular basis, either for skeletal or non-skeletal health outcomes [48,49]. While vitamin D deficiency is a well-known risk factor for cognitive impairment in the general population and it has been hypothesized that this association is even stronger in CKD patients, studies in CKD patients are sparse [50].…”

Low Serum 25(OH)D Levels in Parkinson ’s Disease; a Non Specific Marker of Neurodegeneration?

“…Scientific literature in the last years emphasized the correlation between Alzheimer Disease (AD) and low levels of vitamin D. Recent meta-analyses confirmed that low serum vitamin D concentrations are associated with the impairment of specific cognitive domains, such as memory and executive functions [14,15]. Van der Schaft and colleagues conducted a systematic review including 25 cross-sectional and 6 prospective studies showing that 72% of the studies significantly exhibited either worse outcome on one or more cognitive function tests or a higher frequency of dementia if lower 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels or insufficient vitamin D intake occurred [16].…”

Efficacy of Gluten-Free Diet in Patients With Neurological Diseases and Psychiatric Disorders: Myth or Reality?

“…В середине XX в. ученые предполага-ли возможную роль дефицита витаминов и микроэлемен-тов, возникающего на фоне синдрома мальабсорбции, в формировании неврологических нарушений [3]. Хорошо известно, что витамины D, E, B12, а также фолиевая кислота, железо обладают нейропротекторным свойством, при этом в литературе имеются данные, свидетельствующие о чет-кой ассоциации дефицита данных нутриентов с различны-ми неврологическими заболеваниями [38][39][40]. Сомнения в отношении исключительной значимости микроэлементо-зов в патогенезе неврологических нарушений при целиа-кии внесли результаты последующих исследований, про-демонстрировавших возможность развития неврологиче-ской симптоматики еще до формирования атрофической энтеропатии или при отсутствии дефицита определенных микроэлементов в сыворотке крови [21,41].…”