Vitamin D and the Risks of Depression and Anxiety: An Observational Analysis and Genome-Wide Environment Interaction Study

Zhang, Zhen; Yang, Xuena; Jia, Yumeng; Wen, Yan; Cheng, Shiqiang; Meng, Peilin; Li, Chune; Zhang, Huijie; Pan, Chuyu; Zhang, Jingxi; Chen, Yujing; Zhang, Feng

doi:10.3390/nu13103343

Cited by 16 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 85 publications

(94 reference statements)

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“…38 The negative impact of smoking and vitamin D deficiency is undisputed for both MS and depression. [14][15][16][17][18]20,21,24 Our analysis additionally underscores the negative impact of these modifiable factors for depressive symptoms in an early MS cohort. Our approach does not allow to draw causative conclusions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Factors associated with depressive mood at the onset of multiple sclerosis - an analysis of 781 patients of the German NationMS cohort

Salmen,

Hoepner,

Fleischer

et al. 2023

Ther Adv Neurol Disord

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Background: Depression has a major impact on the disease burden of multiple sclerosis (MS). Analyses of overlapping MS and depression risk factors [smoking, vitamin D (25-OH-VD) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection] and sex, age, disease characteristics and neuroimaging features associated with depressive symptoms in early MS are scarce. Objectives: To assess an association of MS risk factors with depressive symptoms within the German NationMS cohort. Design: Cross-sectional analysis within a multicenter observational study. Methods: Baseline data of n = 781 adults with newly diagnosed clinically isolated syndrome or relapsing-remitting MS qualified for analysis. Global and region-specific magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-volumetry parameters were available for n = 327 patients. Association of demographic factors, MS characteristics and risk factors [sex, age, smoking, disease course, presence of current relapse, expanded disability status scale (EDSS) score, fatigue (fatigue scale motor cognition), 25-OH-VD serum concentration, EBV nuclear antigen-1 IgG (EBNA1-IgG) serum levels] and depressive symptoms (Beck Depression Inventory-II, BDI-II) was tested as a primary outcome by multivariable linear regression. Non-parametric correlation and group comparison were performed for associations of MRI parameters and depressive symptoms. Results: Mean age was 34.3 years (95% confidence interval: 33.6–35.0). The female-to-male ratio was 2.3:1. At least minimal depressive symptoms (BDI-II > 8) were present in n = 256 (32.8%), 25-OH-VD deficiency (<20 ng/ml) in n = 398 (51.0%), n = 246 (31.5%) participants were smokers. Presence of current relapse [coefficient ( c) = 1.48, p = 0.016], more severe fatigue ( c = 0.26, p < 0.0001), lower 25-OH-VD ( c = −0.03, p = 0.034) and smoking ( c = 0.35, p = 0.008) were associated with higher BDI-II scores. Sex, age, disease course, EDSS, month of visit, EBNA1-IgG levels and brain volumes at baseline were not. Conclusion: Depressive symptoms need to be assessed in early MS. Patients during relapse seem especially vulnerable to depressive symptoms. Contributing factors such as fatigue, vitamin D deficiency and smoking, could specifically be targeted in future interventions and should be investigated in prospective studies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Factors associated with depressive mood at the onset of multiple sclerosis - an analysis of 781 patients of the German NationMS cohort

Salmen,

Hoepner,

Fleischer

et al. 2023

Ther Adv Neurol Disord

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“…In this review, two studies reported that vitamin D deficiency was related to mental well-being and poor mental health status, which is depression. Previous studies have shown that vitamin D deficiency is associated with depression and anxiety [ 68 , 69 ]. Vitamin D serum levels were found to be low in T2DM patients with depression [ 50 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Vitamin D Deficiency and Insufficiency on the Outcome of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients: A Systematic Review

2023

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Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency are public health concerns that have contributed to multiple negative health outcomes. Recent studies have revealed that vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency influence glycaemic control and the development of diabetes complications. The goal of this systematic review is to summarise the latest evidence on the impact of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency on the outcome of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) patients. In this PRISMA-guided systematic review, articles were sourced from three databases, namely, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. The review only included literature published from 2012 until 2022, and 33 eligible studies met the inclusion criteria for this review. The included articles were critically appraised using the Mixed Method Appraisal Tool (MMAT). According to our findings, vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency is associated with mental health status, macrovascular and microvascular complications of T2DM, metabolic syndrome, increased risk of obesity, increased blood pressure, dyslipidaemia, glycaemic control, nerve-related disease, musculoskeletal-related complications, and reduced quality of life. Due to the diverse implications of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency, screening for vitamin D levels in T2DM patients may be beneficial.

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“…A recent study by Schaad et al showed that there was more vitamin D deficiency at higher latitudes than at lower latitudes, and that the prevalence of depression was related to vitamin D deficiency [ 29 ]. Because vitamin D synthesis and metabolism associated with depression are influenced by various factors, such as sociodemographic, geographic, genetic, and ethnic factors [ 30 , 31 , 32 ], a study to investigate the relationship between vitamin D and depression in terms of geographic differences would be complicated. Nevertheless, further well-controlled studies that take these factors into account should be conducted to explain the geographical link between depression and vitamin D.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation between Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Level and Depression among Korean Women with Secondary Amenorrhea: A Cross-Sectional Observational Study

Kim

Jeon

2022

Nutrients

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Vitamin D deficiency is considered a major public health problem worldwide and has been reported as having an association with depression. However, studies on the association between vitamin D deficiency and depressive symptoms in secondary amenorrhea (SA) patients are still scarce. This study examined the relationship between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels and depressive symptoms among Korean women with SA. In this cross-sectional observational study, 78 patients with SA were initially recruited. Clinical and biochemical parameters, including serum 25(OH)D level, were measured. Data from 63 SA patients who met the study inclusion criteria and completed psychiatric assessments were finally analyzed. We analyzed their association with depression using a hierarchical regression model. The average serum 25(OH)D level was 34.40 ± 24.02 ng/mL, and 41.3% of the women with SA were vitamin D-deficient (<20 ng/mL). The total score of the Korean version of the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (K-HDRS) was negatively related to serum 25(OH)D levels, free testosterone, and serum anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) after adjusting for age and BMI (r = −0.450, p < 0.001; r = −0.258, p = 0.045; and r = −0.339, p = 0.006, respectively). Serum 25(OH)D levels and AMH levels were the most powerful predictors of depressive severity when using the K-HDRS in SA patients (β = −0.39, p < 0.005; β = −0.42, p < 0.005, respectively). This study showed that low serum 25(OH)D levels were associated with the severity of depressive symptoms in SA patients. This observation suggests that the evaluation of vitamin D deficiency for the risk of depression may be necessary in patients with SA.

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Vitamin D and the Risks of Depression and Anxiety: An Observational Analysis and Genome-Wide Environment Interaction Study

Cited by 16 publications

References 85 publications

Factors associated with depressive mood at the onset of multiple sclerosis - an analysis of 781 patients of the German NationMS cohort

Factors associated with depressive mood at the onset of multiple sclerosis - an analysis of 781 patients of the German NationMS cohort

The Impact of Vitamin D Deficiency and Insufficiency on the Outcome of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients: A Systematic Review

Correlation between Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Level and Depression among Korean Women with Secondary Amenorrhea: A Cross-Sectional Observational Study

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