Vitamin D and sex steroid production in men with normal or impaired Leydig cell function

Holt, Rune; Mortensen, Li Juel; Poulsen, Katrine Harpelunde; Nielsen, John; Frederiksen, Hanne; Jørgensen, Niklas Rye; Jørgensen, Anne; Juul, Anders; Jensen, Martin Blomberg

doi:10.1016/j.jsbmb.2020.105589

Cited by 18 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…This would confirm a potential role for vitamin D in Leydig cells. Holt et al 27 demonstrated the effect of 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 on testosterone production in the male gonad. It appears that the stimulus effect may be at least partially direct.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlative studies on vitamin D and total, free bioavailable testosterone levels in young, healthy men

Książek

Mędraś

Zagrodna

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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The relationship between vitamin D levels and testicular hormonal function in men has not been clearly established. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the relationship between deficiency/insufficiency levels of 25(OH)D and luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), total (TT), free (FT), and bioavailable testosterone (BT), and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) in young, healthy men. We enrolled 176 healthy, active young men aged 18–35 years from a genetically homogenous population of Lower Silesia, Poland. Serum levels of 25(OH)D, LH, FSH, and TT were measured by electrochemiluminescence (ECLIA). FT levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). BT levels were calculated from TT, SHBG, and albumin. SHBG was measured by chemiluminescent immunoassay CLIA. We did not find any significant differences between the mean hormonal values (LH, FSH, TT, FT, BT, and SHBG) and the status of 25(OH)D level (deficient and insufficient). Based on our results, we concluded that there is no relationship between deficient and insufficient 25(OH)D concentration and androgen levels in young, healthy men.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlative studies on vitamin D and total, free bioavailable testosterone levels in young, healthy men

Książek

Mędraś

Zagrodna

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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“…On the other hand, it has been suggested that vitamin D regulates reproductive function in both genders (Blomberg Jensen et al 2010;Holt et al 2020). The presence of VDR and enzymes that metabolize vitamin D in the reproductive organs (such as CYP2R1, CYP27B1, and CYP24A1) are related to the participation of this vitamin in the reproductive system (Lorenzen et al 2017) though the mechanism is poorly understood.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The presence of VDR and the above-mentioned cytochrome P450 enzymes in testis suggests that vitamin D may affect Leydig cell function (Blomberg Jensen et al 2010). Holt et al (2020) observed that young men with vitamin D deficiency have lower testosterone/estradiol ratio. On the other hand, in recent study with young Spanish men, none association was shown between serum vitamin D levels and reproductive hormone levels (FSH, LH, estradiol, and testosterone) (Rudnicka et al 2019).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and its relationship with sex hormones, puberty and obesity degree in children and adolescents

Pires

González-Gil

Anguita‐Ruiz

et al. 2020

Child and Adolescent Obesity

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Background/objectives: Puberty and obesity have been associated with vitamin D deficiency but there is a lack of studies assessing this triple relationship at once. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate, under a cross-sectional design, the relationship between sex hormone levels and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), taking into account pubertal status and obesity degree. Subjects/methods: A total of 460 participants from the GENOBOX study (241 females), aged 6-18 years were included in the analysis. Children were divided in groups according to their pubertal stage (prepubertal (n = 225) and pubertal (n = 235)) and obesity degree (normal weight children (n = 100) and children with overweight/obesity (n = 360)). Serum 25(OH)D, Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing hormone (LH), estradiol and testosterone were measured. 25(OH)D levels were categorized and the hormones concentration wasadjusted by sex and converted into tertiles. Mann Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests, and quantile regression were performed. Results: Pubertal children showed lower serum concentrations of 25(OH)D than prepubertal children (median: 20 ng/mL vs. 24 ng/mL, respectively; p = 0.006). Moreover, within normal weight children, differences were found for 25(OH)D levels according to tertiles of testosterone (I: 27 ng/mL; II: 30 ng/mL; III: 19 ng/ mL, p = 0.008). Among overweight/obese, differences were found according to

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“…1a) [25]. Vitamin D has also been inversely correlated with testosterone in numerous tissues and cell types [26,27]. Taken together, this evidence suggests that DVD-deficiency might contribute to higher testosterone levels in different tissues.…”

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confidence: 77%

Developmental vitamin D deficiency increases foetal exposure to testosterone

et al. 2020

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Background Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a group of neurodevelopmental disorders which are more common in males. The ‘prenatal sex steroid’ hypothesis links excessive sex-steroid exposure during foetal life with the behavioural differences observed in ASD. However, the reason why sex steroid exposure may be excessive remains unclear. Epidemiological studies have identified several environmental risk factors associated with ASD, including developmental vitamin D (DVD) deficiency. We have demonstrated in an animal model that DVD-deficiency is associated with a hyper-inflammatory response in placentas from male but not female foetuses. Vitamin D also regulates the expression of several steroidogenic enzymes in vitro. Therefore using this animal model, we have examined whether DVD-deficiency leads to increased sex-steroid levels in both the maternal and foetal compartments. Methods Female rats are fed a vitamin D deficient diet from 6 weeks before mating until tissue collection at embryonic day 18. We examined the levels of testosterone, androstenedione and corticosterone in maternal plasma, foetal brains and amniotic fluid. We further examined gene expressions of steroidogenic enzymes and DNA methylation of aromatase promoters in foetal brains as a potential molecular mechanism regulating testosterone expression. Results We show that DVD-deficiency increases testosterone levels in maternal blood. We also show elevated levels of testosterone and androstenedione in the amniotic fluid of female but not male DVD-deficient foetuses. Testosterone levels were also elevated in DVD-deficient male brains. Vitamin D, like other steroid-related hormones, regulates gene expression via methylation. Therefore we examined whether the significant elevation in testosterone in male brains was due to such a potential gene-silencing mechanism. We show that the promoter of aromatase was hyper-methylated compared to male controls. Limitations A reduction in aromatase, in addition to causing excessive testosterone, could also lead to a reduction in estradiol which was not examined here. Conclusions This study is the first to show how an epidemiologically established environmental risk factor for ASD may selectively elevate testosterone in male embryonic brains. These findings provide further mechanistic support for the prenatal sex steroid theory of ASD.

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Vitamin D and sex steroid production in men with normal or impaired Leydig cell function

Cited by 18 publications

References 37 publications

Correlative studies on vitamin D and total, free bioavailable testosterone levels in young, healthy men

Correlative studies on vitamin D and total, free bioavailable testosterone levels in young, healthy men

Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and its relationship with sex hormones, puberty and obesity degree in children and adolescents

Developmental vitamin D deficiency increases foetal exposure to testosterone

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