Vitamin D and respiratory infections

Fiol, Fernando de Sá Del; Barberato‐Filho, Silvio; Lopes, Luciane Cruz; Bergamaschi, Cristiane de Cássia

doi:10.3855/jidc.5711

Cited by 19 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 67 publications

(92 reference statements)

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“…This could lead to increased exposure to viral and bacterial pathogens from the external environment, increasing the risk of URTIs. Li and Gleeson [131] have suggested that low vitamin D levels may exaggerate the vulnerability of athletes to URTIs, while individuals with higher vitamin D levels exhibit a lower propensity to URTI [132,133]. It has been suggested that vitamin D prevents the development of URTIs by affecting the activation of toll-like receptors (TLRs) [134].…”

Section: Effects Of Vitamin D On Immunitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin D and Physical Activity

Koundourakis¹,

Margioris²

2017

A Critical Evaluation of Vitamin D - Basic Overview

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Vitamin D is synthesized in the skin following exposure to ultraviolet radiation, producing cholecalciferol, while only a small percentage of the circulating vitamin D is of exogenous origin deriving from food. Following two sequential hydroxylations, in the liver and in the kidneys, vitamin D is fully activated. Although its role in bone physiology and calcium homeostasis is well documented, there is emerging evidence that vitamin D exerts a plethora of additional effects on most tissues regulating the musculoskeletal, cardiovascular, and immune systems as well as energy homeostasis. Its deficiency/insufficiency poses a major public health problem observed in all age groups and regardless of latitude and insolation. In muscles, vitamin D deficiency is associated with a decline in neuromuscular function including muscular strength, walking speed, balance, jumping and sprinting performance, and aerobic capacity, although the evidence is still weak regarding its effects in the young and the athletes. Supplementation counteracts the negative effects of vitamin D deficiency on performance although in individuals with adequate levels of vitamin D, additional supplementation does not appear to enhance further physical capabilities. The aim of this chapter is to review our current understanding of diverse effects of vitamin D in physical performance in athletic and nonathletic populations.

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Section: Effects Of Vitamin D On Immunitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin D and Physical Activity

Koundourakis¹,

Margioris²

2017

A Critical Evaluation of Vitamin D - Basic Overview

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“…У сучасній літературі широко обговорюється роль вітаміну D (VD), а також значення його дефіциту в формуванні схильності дорослих та дітей до частих респіраторних захворювань [8,9]. Встановлення не щодавно факту активної участі VD в регуляції сис теми протиінфекційного імунітету та в забезпеченні ним функціонального балансу між Тлімфоцитами хелперами (Th) 1го типу і Th 2го типу [10]; можливос ті розвитку дисбалансу Th1/Th2 імунної відповіді в бік останніх за умов дефіциту VD, а також наявності під вищеної продукції протизапальних Th2асоційованих цитокінів [11] [14].…”

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The impact of vitamin D3 supplementation on the course of acute obstructive bronchitis in young children

Bolbot

Hodiatska

2021

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Background. Acute obstructive bronchitis (AOB) ranks second among the respiratory diseases in children. In recent years, the results of clinical studies demonstrate a correlation between the low level of vitamin D (VD) and the risk of recurrent respiratory infections in adults and children. At the same time, the impact of VD insufficiency/deficiency and timely compensation of these changes on the frequency and severity of broncho-obstructive syndrome (BOS) in young children remains poorly understood. Thus, the purpose of the research was to study the features of VD level in young children with recurrent BOS and the efficacy of vitamin D3 supplementation on incidence and severity of the disease. Materials and methods. We examined 120 children with acute obstructive bronchitis. Group I included 60 patients with episodic BOS (up to 3 episodes per year), group II consisted of 60 children with recurrent BOS (3 or more episodes per year). The control group represented 30 healthy children of the corresponding age. We evaluated the severity of BOS and determined the serum level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) using an electrochemiluminescence method. Subsequently, the group of children with recurrent BOS was divided into two subgroups: IIa subgroup included 30 children who received vitamin D3 1000 IU daily throughout the year, IIb included 30 patients who were not supplemented with VD. The effectiveness of vitamin D3 supplementation was determined by the changes in the blood level of 25(OH)D, frequency and severity of BOS episodes. We used non-parametric methods for statistical analysis of data. For all types of analysis, the critical value of the significance level (p) was taken to be < 0.05. Results. The analysis of the clinical features of BOS episode showed that in the group of children with recurrent BOS compared to patients with episodic BOS the disease was characterized by a more severe course (23.3 % vs. 10.0 %, respectively; p = 0.034). We found that the mean VD level in children with recurrent BOS was 13.68 (7.96; 19.51) ng/ml and in children with episodic BOS 33.0 (28.19, 41.97) ng/ml (p < 0.001). The VD supplementation in the group with recurrent BOS was significantly lower than in children who were ill episodically (5 % vs. 60 %; p < 0.001). We showed that the risk of severe episode (OR = 3.06; 95% CI: 1.19–7.84; p = 0.019) and recurrent BOS (OR = 4.35; 95% CI: 2.75–6.86; p < 0.001) is higher in case of 25(OH)D level in serum less than 20 ng/ml. According to our data, VD supplementation in children for one year improves VD level (25.11 (12.14, 42.47) ng/ml vs. 14.48 (10.58, 23.47) ng/ml; p = 0.012) and reduces frequency of BOS episodes (1.0 (0.0; 2.0) in IIa subgroup vs. 2.0 (1.0; 3.0) in IIb subgroup; p < 0.001). On the background of vitamin D3 intake the severe course of BOS was not noticed, unlike the patients who did not receive it (0 % vs. 20 %, respectively; p = 0.031). Conclusions. VD deficiency occurs in 75 % of children with recurrent BOS. Moreover, the serum level of 25(OH)D below 20 ng/ml is associated with an increased risk of recurrent and severe episodes of BOS. Thus, supplementation with vitamin D3 1000 IU per day helps to increase the content of 25(OH)D in serum, to reduce the frequency and severity of BOS.

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“…Vitamin D has a protective role against infections by stimulating the production of cathelicidin (antimicrobial peptide) and modulating the production of cytokines and the inflammatory cascade during the infection [40], so vitamin D deficiency has also been associated with an increased risk of infections, especially those of the respiratory tract, including tuberculosis [41].…”

Section: Vitamin D and Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Skeletal and Extraskeletal Benefits of Vitamin D

Casado¹,

Larrosa²

2017

A Critical Evaluation of Vitamin D - Basic Overview

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Vitamin D exerts its principal actions on bone metabolism, so it has important benefits on the skeleton. Serum 25(OH)D is directly related to bone mineral density (BMD), so subjects with lower levels have lower BMD and higher prevalence of osteoporosis and fractures, mainly hip and non-vertebral fractures. But, vitamin D has also many other beneficial effects, and its deficit has been associated with a great variety of diseases, such as asthma, cancer, diabetes, hypertension and other cardiovascular diseases, some inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, infections and some liver diseases. It is also remarkable its direct effect on muscle strength, so patients with vitamin D deficiency have higher risk of falls. Supplementation with vitamin D in patients with low 25(OH)D levels has shown a favourable effect not only on bone and muscle, reducing the risk of fracture, but also on inflammation, cell proliferation or immune system, reducing the risk of other diseases and complications. However, observational studies are needed with larger numbers of patients and well-designed randomized clinical trials, with baseline vitamin D determination and accurate monitoring to establish a cause-effect relationship between vitamin D deficiency and some diseases.

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Vitamin D and respiratory infections

Cited by 19 publications

References 67 publications

Vitamin D and Physical Activity

Vitamin D and Physical Activity

The impact of vitamin D3 supplementation on the course of acute obstructive bronchitis in young children

Skeletal and Extraskeletal Benefits of Vitamin D

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