Vitamin D and Osteoporosis in HIV/HCV Coinfected Patients: A Literature Review

Carlo, Paola Di; Siracusa, Lucia; Mazzola, Giovanni; Colletti, Piero; Soresi, Maurizio; Giannitrapani, Lydia; Vecchi, Valentina Li; Montalto, Giuseppe

doi:10.1155/2015/969040

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 47 publications

(126 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…of the main causes of liver disease and increases the risk of developing HCC by 2-6% per year (Oliviera-Andrade et al, 2009). Recent in vitro studies have shown that VD acts as an antiviral agent that inhibits HCV production in a human hepatoma cell line (DiCarlo et al, 2015). In patients with HCV that underwent liver transplantation with subsequent recurrent HCV, high rates of sustained virologic response were noted in patients receiving VDS (Abu-Mouch et al, 2011;Bitetto et al, 2011;Iruzubieta et al, 2014).…”

Section: Sustained Virologic Response Chronic Hcv Is Onementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Vitamin D (VD) has a number of pleiotropic effects including anti-inflammatory properties; antiapoptosis; antifibrosis; regulation of function in the kidney, heart, and immune system; and it maintains homeostasis by regulation of hormone secretion, cell proliferation, and differentiation (Lai & Fang, 2013). Research outlines the merits of VD supplementation (VDS) in patients with chronic liver disease (CLD) of various etiologies (Anty et al, 2014;DiCarlo et al, 2015;Eliades & Spyrou, 2015;Fernandez-Fernandez, Linares-Torres, Matias, Jorquera-Plaza, & Olcoz-Goni, 2015). Cited benefits can be stratified into areas such as the immune system (innate and adaptive), bone health, and all-cause mortality (Iruzubieta, Teran, Crespo, & Fabrega, 2014;Stokes, Volmer, Grunhage, & Lammert, 2013;Villar, Del Campo, Ranchal, Lampe, & Romero-Gomez, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

A vitamin D protocol post‐liver transplantation

Grant

2017

Journal of the American Association of Nurse Practitioners

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background and purpose Adults with compromised liver function are inherently deficient and especially vulnerable to the consequences of vitamin D deficiency. Consequences of vitamin D deficiency include liver disease progression, infection, and graft failure. A vitamin D supplementation protocol is proposed to systematically optimize serum vitamin D levels according to guidelines in both pre‐ and post‐liver transplanted patients. Methods This quasiexperimental study included a sample of N = 45 post‐liver transplanted patients taking daily cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) 2500 units for 12 weeks, with a pre‐ and post‐lab measure of serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D levels at a large academic facility. Conclusions Seventy‐eight percent of patients reached minimum guideline levels using the protocol with an average increase of serum vitamin D of 13.8 ng/mL. Long‐term outcomes of clinical significance may include decreased incidence of acute T‐cell‐mediated graft rejection and infections in the immunocompromised patient. Implications for practice Optimizing vitamin D in vulnerable patient populations such as chronic liver disease and the immunosuppressed posttransplanted patient has the potential to curtail complications of vitamin D deficiency. As a result, nurse practitioners employing a vitamin D protocol can create a favorable impact on patient quality of life, safety, and healthcare spending.

show abstract

Section: Sustained Virologic Response Chronic Hcv Is Onementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A vitamin D protocol post‐liver transplantation

Grant

2017

Journal of the American Association of Nurse Practitioners

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…However, it remains unclear whether lower vitamin D levels are associated with either decreased bone mineral density or increased fracture risk in the setting of HIV/HCV co-infection [49]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis C virus coinfection as a risk factor for osteoporosis and fracture

Bedimo

Maalouf

2016

Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Purpose of Review With increased survival of HIV-infected patients, osteoporotic fractures have developed as a major cause of morbidity in these patients, and chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) co-infection has emerged as a significant contributor to this increased fracture risk. This article reviews the epidemiologic and clinical evidence for osteoporosis and increased fracture risk among HIV/HCV co-infected patients, as well as potential mechanisms for these outcomes with HCV co-infection. Recent Findings Epidemiologic studies suggest that HIV/HCV co-infected patients exhibit a 3-fold increased fracture incidence compared to uninfected controls, and 1.2–2.4-fold increased fracture risk compared to HIV mono-infected patients. Recent reports suggest that chronic HCV co-infection is independently associated with reduced bone mineral density in HIV, but that it is not associated with significantly increased bone turnover. The deleterious impact of chronic HCV on BMD and fracture risk occurs even in the absence of advanced liver fibrosis or cirrhosis. New tools to assess bone quality, including the trabecular bone score, high resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography, and in vivo microindentation, may help improve understanding of the mechanisms of HCV-associated skeletal fragility. The impact of approved anti-osteoporosis medications and direct-acting antivirals for the treatment of chronic HCV infection on patients’ bone health remain to be studied. Summary Chronic HCV infection is an independent risk factor for osteoporosis and fractures among HIV-infected patients, even prior to the development of cirrhosis. The underlying mechanisms are being unraveled, but major questions persist regarding the optimal evaluation and management of bone health in HIV/HCV co-infected patients.

show abstract

“…These properties have been fully recognized, but a nontraditional role of vitamin D has also been reported in cancer and autoimmune disease [ 59 ], as well as in chronic liver disease and chronic hepatitis C patients, where vitamin D is involved in regulating the immune system, inflammatory response, and fibrogenesis [ 60 ].…”

Section: The Role Of Vitamin E and Vitamin D Supplementationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidative Stress as a Target for Non-Pharmacological Intervention in MAFLD: Could There Be a Role for EVOO?

Seidita,

Cusimano,

Giuliano

et al. 2024

Antioxidants

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Oxidative stress plays a central role in most chronic liver diseases and, in particular, in metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), the new definition of an old condition known as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The mechanisms leading to hepatocellular fat accumulation in genetically predisposed individuals who adopt a sedentary lifestyle and consume an obesogenic diet progress through mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum dysfunction, which amplifies reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, lipid peroxidation, malondialdehyde (MDA) formation, and influence the release of chronic inflammation and liver damage biomarkers, such as pro-inflammatory cytokines. This close pathogenetic link has been a key stimulus in the search for therapeutic approaches targeting oxidative stress to treat steatosis, and a number of clinical trials have been conducted to date on subjects with NAFLD using drugs as well as supplements or nutraceutical products. Vitamin E, Vitamin D, and Silybin are the most studied substances, but several non-pharmacological approaches have also been explored, especially lifestyle and diet modifications. Among the dietary approaches, the Mediterranean Diet (MD) seems to be the most reliable for affecting liver steatosis, probably with the added value of the presence of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO), a healthy food with a high content of monounsaturated fatty acids, especially oleic acid, and variable concentrations of phenols (oleocanthal) and phenolic alcohols, such as hydroxytyrosol (HT) and tyrosol (Tyr). In this review, we focus on non-pharmacological interventions in MAFLD treatment that target oxidative stress and, in particular, on the role of EVOO as one of the main antioxidant components of the MD.

show abstract

Vitamin D and Osteoporosis in HIV/HCV Coinfected Patients: A Literature Review

Cited by 7 publications

References 47 publications

A vitamin D protocol post‐liver transplantation

A vitamin D protocol post‐liver transplantation

Hepatitis C virus coinfection as a risk factor for osteoporosis and fracture

Oxidative Stress as a Target for Non-Pharmacological Intervention in MAFLD: Could There Be a Role for EVOO?

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About