Vitamin D and orthodontics: an insight review

Abstract

Vitamin D is known as the oldest of all hormones. 7-Dehydrocholesterol is converted to previtamin D3. It becomes a secosteroid when it is later converted to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3). A number of factors influence vitamin D3 production, including skin pigmentation, the use of sunscreen lotions, season, latitude, and altitude. Vitamin D is important for bone metabolism and calcium hemostasis. Researchers have linked a deficiency in vitamin D levels to a number of systemic complications, including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, immune deficiency, and infectious diseases. In orthodontics, laboratory studies have revealed some evidence that vitamin D enhances tooth movement and the stability of the tooth position. This review is an attempt to understand the role and systemic consequences of vitamin D deficiency and to examine its relevance to orthodontics.

The role of 25-hydroxyvitamin-D3 and vitamin D receptor gene in human periodontal ligament fibroblasts as response to orthodontic compressive strain: an in vitro study

“…Briefly, our results do not support that physiological concentrations of 25(OH)D 3 may enhance the OTM, however it is possibly involved in the reestablishment of bony tissue supporting the teeth after OTM. Also, our results do not support that vitamin D deficiency leads to a slower rate of OTM, as proposed in a recent review [ 33 ].…”

“…Although the connection between vitamin D, vitamin D receptor (VDR) and orthodontic phenotypes is not a new subject in the literature and has been investigated by some dental researchers in the past three decades [ 33 ], the role of vitamin D as a therapeutical adjunct during OTM is still controversial and the molecular processes occurring during OTM under the influence of vitamin D are largely unknown. Therefore, this in vitro study aimed to investigate, if 25(OH)D 3 impacts on the expression of some genes involved in the response of hPDL fibroblasts to simulated orthodontic compressive strain.…”

“…The administration of vitamin D during orthodontic treatment has been proposed [ 33 ] to accelerate the OTM [ 10 – 12 ] and to enhance tooth position stability [ 15 ]. These previous studies are contradicting in their results, as the acceleration of OTM requires a high osteoclast activity, while tooth position stability predominantly requires osteoblastic activity [ 2 ].…”

“…Vitamin D presence [ 28 , 29 ] and VDR expression [ 13 , 14 , 30 – 32 ] were observed in human periodontal soft tissues and cells. Furthermore, animal model studies indicate that vitamin D deficiency as well as its therapeutic supplementation or local administration can impact on the rate of OTM and the stability of tooth position after orthodontic treatment [ 33 ]. As of now, however, it is not clear, how vitamin D impacts gene expression pattern of PDL fibroblasts in the context of simulated orthodontic compressive strain and whether SNPs in the VDR genes can account for individual expression differences.…”

Serum vitamin D levels and its association with orthodontic pain

“…8 Vitamin D in orthodontics have been studied for its potential stimulation of osteoclastic activity and its role in increasing orthodontic tooth movement. 9,10 No previous studies associating vitamin D and its effect on orthodontic pain perception could be found in literature. The purpose of our study was to find if there is any association between orthodontic pain perception and serum vitamin D levels in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment.…”