Vitamin D and Multiple Sclerosis

Melatonin and multiple sclerosis: antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulator mechanism of action

“…Up to a few years ago, the effect of vitamin D was exclusively associated with phosphocalcic metabolism (Mocayar-Marón et al 2020 ), but it is now known that vitamin D deficiency is a MS risk factor and is correlated with its seriousness (El-Salem et al 2021 ). It has been proved that in regions with high altitudes there is a growing prevalence of MS (Bradshaw et al 2020 ). Latitude is strongly correlated with the duration and intensity of ultraviolet radiation (UV), the latter being the main source of vitamin D (Holick 1995 ; Simon et al 2012 ).…”

“…Latitude is strongly correlated with the duration and intensity of ultraviolet radiation (UV), the latter being the main source of vitamin D (Holick 1995 ; Simon et al 2012 ). The study made by Ramagopalan et al 2011 , demonstrates that the variations in the gene CYP27B1, that codifies the enzyme 1-α-hydroxylase, which converts into the precursor of vitamin D, 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), the active form of vitamin D (Bradshaw et al 2020 ), are strongly associated with the risk of developing MS, since they cause a reduction in the activation of 25(OH)D (Ramagopalan et al 2011 ). Another fact backing up the relationship between vitamin D and MS is the prevention and deceleration of the disease in the EAE model after administration of 1,25(OH)2D (Ascherio et al 2010 ).…”

Vitamina D en enfermedades respiratorias: desde la influenza hasta el COVID-19

“…Algunos estudios han demostrado que las cifras séricas de 25-hidroxivitamina D disminuyen en un 20% desde finales del verano hasta mediados del invierno, mientras que 30 minutos de exposición al sol en todo el cuerpo durante el verano genera vitamina D con rapidez. Otro factor importante en la regulación es el índice de masa corporal (IMC), que se encuentra inversamente relacionado con el valor sérico de la 25-hidroxivitamina D y los pacientes obesos tienen con frecuencia concentraciones subóptimas en el intervalo de 10 a 20 ng/ml (25 a 50 nmol/L); estas diferencias pueden deberse en parte a menores grados de ejercicio y exposición a la luz solar en personas obesas que en sujetos con un índice de masa corporal normal [5][6][7][8][9] .…”

“…Varias afecciones producen concentraciones séricas muy bajas de 25-hidroxivitamina D, entre ellas una ingestión pobre en la dieta y una exposición solar insignificante, mala absorción por enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal, enteropatía por gluten, cirugía gástrica, enfermedad biliar o sobrecrecimiento intestinal; consumo de fármacos anticonvulsivos (p. ej., fenobarbital o fenitoína) y administración de largo plazo de glucocorticoides; además, la deficiencia de vitamina D se ha relacionado con resultados negativos en la salud, como enfermedad ósea, diabetes, hipertensión, enfermedad cardíaca, cáncer y enfermedades autoinmunitarias e infecciosas 9,[20][21][22][23][24][25] .…”

Potential of modified Mediterranean diet to improve quality of life and fatigue severity in multiple sclerosis patients: a single-center randomized controlled trial

“…Nutritional constituents may affect fatigue; therefor,e it can be exacerbated by an imbalanced diet. [8] Of the first dietary interventions in MS was based on the observation that high levels of saturated fat in the diet were associated with increased risk for MS. [9] Previous studies mainly focused on certain nutrients, such as vitamin D. [10] Furthermore, some researches evaluated the dietary patterns in MS populations [11] ; dietary assessment is more consistent with people's eating habits, and the interactions between nutrients are also considered. [12] Recently there has been increased interest in the Mediterranean Diet (MeD) effects on lowering the risk of chronic disease.…”