Vitamin D and its receptor polymorphisms: New possible prognostic biomarkers in leukemias

Abstract

Several factors such as chromosomal translocations, gene mutations, and polymorphisms are involved in the pathogenesis of leukemia/lymphoma. Recently, the role of vitamin D (VD) and vitamin D receptor (VDR) polymorphisms in hematologic malignancies has been considered. In this review, we examine the possible role of VD levels, as well as VDR polymorphisms as prognostic biomarkers in leukemia/lymphoma. Relevant English language literature were searched and retrieved from Google Scholar search engine (1985-2017). The following keywords were used: vitamin D, vitamin D receptor, leukemia, lymphoma, and polymorphism. Increased serum levels of VD in patients with leukemia are associated with a better prognosis. However, low VD levels are associated with a poor prognosis, and VDR polymorphisms in various leukemias can have prognostic value. VD biomarker can be regarded as a potential prognostic factor for a number of leukemias, including acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML), chronic lymphoblastic leukemia (CLL), and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). There is a significant relationship between different polymorphisms of VDR (including Taq I and Fok I) with several leukemia types such as ALL and AML, which may have prognostic value.

The impact of circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D and vitamin D receptor variation on leukemia-lymphoma outcome: Molecular and cytogenetic study

“…In contrast, it was shown that allele A exhibited a significant association with the occurrence of the illness in both CLL and NHL, as indicated by the odds ratio. These results correspond with those of Pezeshki et al, who found that the CT genotype (Fok1) was significantly associated with CML, while the T allele could be considered a prognostic agent ( Pezeshki et al, 2018 ). However, it should be noted that the findings of this current study do not agree with previous investigations, which indicated that the CC genotype, Fok1, demonstrated lower prevalence in the chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) group in comparison with a healthy control group ( Rajab et al, 2015 ).…”

Targeting the Tumor Microenvironment in Acute Myeloid Leukemia: The Future of Immunotherapy and Natural Products

“…However, the limitation of vitamin D-affect therapy is the need for high concentration of vitamin D to reach therapeutic effect, which might cause systemic side effects [ 134 , 135 , 136 ]. Several methods are possible to overcome the barriers we face currently, including possible oral supplementation [ 132 ], select patient according to receptor polymorphisms [ 137 ], gene therapy involving CYP27B1 treatment [ 126 ].…”

Impact of Epigenetics on Complications of Fanconi Anemia: The Role of Vitamin D-Modulated Immunity

“…However, probably not all individuals have the same needs for vitamin D 3 , i.e., it is questionable, whether a threshold level of the vitamin D status is an optimal reference. Nevertheless, patients with hematological diseases often have a low vitamin D status, which is associated with an unfavorable prognosis [146][147][148][149].…”