Vitamin D and inflammation in major depressive disorder

Grudet, Cécile; Wolkowitz, Owen M.; Mellon, Synthia H.; Malm, Johan; Reus, Victor I.; Brundin, Lena; Nier, Brenton M.; Dhabhar, Firdaus S.; Hough, Christina M.; Westrin, Åsa; Lindqvist, Daniel

doi:10.1016/j.jad.2020.01.168

Cited by 26 publications

(32 citation statements)

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“…No significant relationship between depression severity and WBC count, NLR, inflammation composite score or 25(OH)D levels was found [28]. Furthermore, MDD status was found to be a significant moderator of the association between serum vitamin D levels and WBC count as well as NLR, but not between inflammation composite score [28]. A recent meta-analysis [29] showed that vitamin D supplementation was followed by a significant reduction in depressive symptoms and CRP levels in patients with mental health problems (schizophrenia, depression, etc.).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 79%

“…Furthermore, vitamin D status was negatively correlated with one of the inflammatory markers (IL-1 ß) in all subjects as IL-6 was only negatively correlated with vitamin D in non-suicidal depressed patients. In a more recent study by the same research group [28], a significant negative correlation between serum 25(OH)D levels and neutrophile-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), white blood cell (WBC) count, as well as inflammation composite score (calculated by summarizing the z-scores of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and IL-6) was found in subjects with major depressive disorder (MDD) and suicidal ideation (n = 17), but neither in healthy controls (n = 54) nor in patients with MDD without suicidal ideation (n = 31). No significant relationship between depression severity and WBC count, NLR, inflammation composite score or 25(OH)D levels was found [28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…In a more recent study by the same research group [28], a significant negative correlation between serum 25(OH)D levels and neutrophile-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), white blood cell (WBC) count, as well as inflammation composite score (calculated by summarizing the z-scores of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and IL-6) was found in subjects with major depressive disorder (MDD) and suicidal ideation (n = 17), but neither in healthy controls (n = 54) nor in patients with MDD without suicidal ideation (n = 31). No significant relationship between depression severity and WBC count, NLR, inflammation composite score or 25(OH)D levels was found [28]. Furthermore, MDD status was found to be a significant moderator of the association between serum vitamin D levels and WBC count as well as NLR, but not between inflammation composite score [28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…There are few studies examining the complex relationship of vitamin D, depression and inflammation [25][26][27][28]. Accortt et al reported that in African American women (n = 91) the association between postpartum depressive symptoms and prenatal 25(OH)D levels were significantly moderated by interleukin 6 (IL-6) and the ratio of IL-6/IL-10 [26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In summary, many studies indicate the inverse association of CRP, WBC count and IL-6 with vitamin D levels. As Accortt et al [26] and Shin et al [27] had reported no relationship between inflammatory markers and depressive symptoms, Grudet et al [25,28] focused mainly on the vitamin D differences between depressed patients and healthy controls. However, the studies investigating the relationship between depressive symptoms and inflammation reported positive associations [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Inflammation and the Association of Vitamin D and Depressive Symptomatology

et al. 2021

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Depression and vitamin D deficiency are major public health problems. The existing literature indicates the complex relationship between depression and vitamin D. The purpose of this study was to examine whether this relationship is moderated or mediated by inflammation. A community sample (n = 7162) from the LIFE-Adult-Study was investigated, for whom depressive symptoms were assessed via the German version of CES-D scale and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels and inflammatory markers (IL-6 and CRP levels, WBC count) were quantified. Mediation analyses were performed using Hayes’ PROCESS macro and regression analyses were conducted to test moderation effects. There was a significant negative correlation between CES-D and 25(OH)D, and positive associations between inflammatory markers and CES-D scores. Only WBC partially mediated the association between 25(OH)D levels and depressive symptoms both in a simple mediation model (ab: −0.0042) and a model including covariates (ab: −0.0011). None of the inflammatory markers showed a moderation effect on the association between 25(OH)D levels and depressive symptoms. This present work highlighted the complex relationship between vitamin D, depressive symptoms and inflammation. Future studies are needed to examine the effect of vitamin D supplementation on inflammation and depressive symptomatology for causality assessment.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Inflammation and the Association of Vitamin D and Depressive Symptomatology

et al. 2021

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Association of dietary and blood inflammatory indicators with depression, anxiety, and stress in adults with vitamin D deficiency

Sharifan

Darroudi

Rafiee

et al. 2023

Int J Geriat Psychiatry

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BackgroundThere is growing evidence that vitamin D may be related to mental health. The aim of the current study was to investigate the association of dietary and blood inflammatory factors with mental health disorders in subjects with vitamin D deficiency, shedding further light on the complex interplay of these conditions.MethodIn this cross‐sectional study, 306 subjects completed the validated Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale questionnaire to evaluate their depression, anxiety, and stress scores. Dietary inflammatory index (DII) and healthy eating index (HEI) were calculated using a validated 65‐item food frequency questionnaire. Blood samples were taken and vitamin D, cytokine, and hs‐CRP levels were measured using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay kits. Platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) were calculated using standard laboratory methods.ResultsThe subjects were divided into two groups based on their vitamin D levels: a vitamin D < 20 μg/dl group (N = 257) and a vitamin D ≥ 20 μg/dl group (N = 49). Between group analysis revealed that only DII (p = 0.015), platelet (p = 0.04), and hs‐CRP (p = 0.015) were significantly different. In adults with vitamin D levels below 20 μg/dl, NLR and DII were significantly higher in subjects with anxiety (p < 0.05), and this relationship remained significant only for NLR after adjusting for age and sex. Additionally, PLR and HEI were significantly different in depressed compared to non‐depressed subjects, and this association remained significant only for HEI after adjusting for age and sex.ConclusionIn subjects with vitamin D deficiency, increased levels of PLR, NLR, and DII were associated with depression and anxiety, while HEI was negatively associated with depression. These associations were not found in subjects with vitamin D levels ≥20 μg/dl.

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