Vitamin D and health: The need for more randomized controlled trials

Vitamin D status and the risk of type 2 diabetes: The Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study

“…However, these results have not been replicated in randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of vitamin D supplementation [10], and a recent umbrella review of the literature pertaining to vitamin D and multiple health outcomes concluded that there was only suggestive evidence of an association between vitamin D and type 2 diabetes [11]. Existing RCTs have been criticised for design limitations such as lack of statistical power and inclusion of vitamin D replete individuals [12,13], while results from observational studies could be biased by confounding and reverse causality. Confounding is possible because vitamin D status is associated with several risk factors for diabetes (such as obesity, physical inactivity, age and ethnicity).…”

The effect of high‐dose vitamin D supplementation on muscular function and quality of life in postmenopausal women—A randomized controlled trial

“…Observational studies have reported associations between higher serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels and lower risk of multiple pathological conditions . It is of note, however, the general lack of data from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) confirming the positive effects hypothesized from the descriptive studies …”

“…2 It is of note, however, the general lack of data from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) confirming the positive effects hypothesized from the descriptive studies. 2,3 There has been conflicting data regarding the presence of VDR in muscle cells, which may be explained by different laboratory approaches. VDRs were detected in mice muscle cells using highly specific antibodies in combination with a hyperosmolar lysis buffer able to release VDR bound to DNA.…”

Changes in the human transcriptome upon vitamin D supplementation

“…Several cross-sectional studies have found correlations between vitamin D deficiency and autoimmune diseases, different cancer types, infections, cardiovascular diseases, depression, mortality and obesity [2][3][4][5][6][7]. Nevertheless, the role and functions of vitamin D in the human body are not yet fully understood [8]. Vitamin D insufficiency or deficiency is estimated to be a widespread pandemic [9] affecting approximately 40% of the European population [10].…”