Vitamin D and Diabetes

Penckofer, Sue; Kouba, Joanne; Wallis, Diane E.; Emanuele, Mary Ann

doi:10.1177/0145721708326764

Cited by 52 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Other factors that may contribute to the high prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency in persons with T2D are high melanin levels, lack of sun exposure, inadequate diet, obesity, and genetic predisposition to vitamin D insufficiency (35).…”

Section: Factors That Affect Vitamin D Insufficiencymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation on Cardiovascular Risk Factors among Minorities with Type 2 Diabetes

Exebio¹

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The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of vitamin D supplementation (4000 IU or 6000 IU of cholecalciferol daily for 6 months) on fasting plasma glucose, fasting insulin, glycated hemoglobin, and lipid profile in a sample of African-Americans and Hispanics with T2D and vitamin D insufficiency. Seventy five participants were recruited by community outreach. Plasma glucose concentration was measured by hexokinase enzymatic method. Glycated hemoglobin was measured by the DCA2000+ system. Insulin in fasting blood was determined by radioimmunoassay. Plasma total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were assayed by enzymatic methods. Serum vitamin D concentrations were measured with an enzyme-immunoassay kit. Mixed model was used to compare treatment effects and Bonferroni multiple comparison tests was used to detect significant changes from baseline, 3 months, and 6 months on the outcome variables. Significant improvements in serum 25(OH)D levels were seen from baseline to 3 month and 6 months respectively in both treatments (from 22.25 ± 7.19 to 37.34 ± 12.31 and 37.99 ± 13.22, P<0.05 in the 4000 IU group; from 23.74 ± 5.09 to 43.20 ± 15.94 and 40.62 ± vi 19.39, P<0.05 in the 6000 IU group). No significant changes were observed for fasting plasma glucose, insulin or A1C between groups and within groups. A significant decrease in total cholesterol for the 6000 IU group at 6 months (from 193.88 ± 41.03 to 183.48 ± 47.53 mg/dl, P=0.040) was observed. Similarly, a significant change in serum triglycerides was observed at 6 months in the 6000 IU group (from 201.44 ± 91.35 For instance, while the age-adjusted incidence of T2D in non-Hispanics Whites was 7.6% in 2012, it was 13.2% for non-Hispanic blacks and 12.8% for Hispanics (1).The food that we eat is digested and absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract. Glucose is one of the main byproducts of the digestive process. Glucose is transported in the blood to different organs where it is used as the main fuel source for cell functioning. Insulin Since finding new strategies to decrease diabetes complications and cardiovascular risk among patients with T2D is a major public health goal, testing the direct benefit of vitamin D repletion on cardio vascular risk factors is warranted. Vitamin D Repletion in Participants with Type 2 DiabetesProtocols for correction of vitamin D insufficiency in patients with cystic fibrosis, chronic kidney disease, hyperparathyroidism, osteoporosis and pregnancy have been published (28-32). There is no standard method that has been developed for the repletion of vitamin D insufficiency in subjects with T2D yet. Factors that Affect Vitamin D InsufficiencyOther factors that may contribute to the high prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency in persons with T2D are high melanin levels, lack of sun exposure, inadequate diet, obesity, and genetic predisposition to vitamin D insufficiency (35).9 Sun ExposureIn a tropical area such as South Florida, it is taken for gran...

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Section: Factors That Affect Vitamin D Insufficiencymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation on Cardiovascular Risk Factors among Minorities with Type 2 Diabetes

Exebio¹

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“…(2007), больные, имеющие наиболее низкий уровень кальцидиола в крови, в 2 раза чаще страдают СД2, чем лица с нормальным его содержанием [23]. В двой-ном слепом рандомизированном исследовании было продемонстрировано, что у лиц с гипергликемией на-тощак на момент включения в исследование трехлет-ний прием 700 МЕ холекальциферола и 500 мг кальция в сутки приводил к достоверному снижению уровня глюкозы натощак и уменьшению ИР [24]. Понятие чув-ствительности к инсулину до сих пор не имеет четкой нормы, снижение ниже которой рассматривалось бы как ИР.…”

Section: ожирение и метаболизмunclassified

Insulin resistance in therapeutic clinic

et al. 2017

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Today an obesity became the global epidemic striking both children, and adults and represents one of the most important problems of health care worldwide. Excess accumulation of fatty tissue is resulted by insulin resistance and a compensatory hyperinsulinaemia which are the main predictors of development of a diabetes mellitus type 2. Insulin resistance is also one of key links of a pathogenesis of such diseases as cardiovascular pathology, not-alcoholic fatty liver disease, a polycystic ovary syndrome, gestational diabetes and many others. Depression of sensitivity of tissues to insulin can be physiological reaction of an organism to stress factors and pathological process. The endogenic reasons also take part in development of insulin resistance besides factors of the external environment. The role of genetic predisposition, a subclinical inflammation of fatty tissue, thyroid hormones, adipokines and vitamin D in formation of this pathological process is studied. As insulin resistance takes part in a pathogenesis of various diseases, methods of its diagnostics and correction are of great importance in therapeutic practice. At purpose of treatment it is worth giving preference to the drugs which are positively influencing sensitivity of tissues to insulin.

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“…Three mechanisms may explain this improvement. First, VDR is present in the beta cells of islets, and the islets can express 1-alpha hydroxylase, thereby activating 25-(OH)D. An indirect effect of vitamin D on insulin secretion is postulated by means of increased intracellular calcium in the islets [81,82]. Second, VDR has also been identified in cells of the immune system.…”

Section: Evaluation Of the Hypothesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Modulation of vitamin D signaling is a potential therapeutic target to lower cardiovascular risk in chronic kidney disease

Wang

et al. 2011

Med Sci Monit

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SummaryWhile it is true that many traditional cardiovascular risk factors are amenable to intervention in chronic kidney disease (CKD), the results of intervention may not be as efficacious as those obtained in the general population. Thus, there may also be a unique milieu established in CKD, which causes excess cardiovascular disease (CVD) burden by mechanisms that are as yet not fully recognized. Recently, vitamin D has sparked widespread interest because of its potential favorable benefits on CVD. However, the mechanisms for how vitamin D may improve CVD risk markers and outcomes have not been fully elucidated. Furthermore, hypovitaminosis D is highly prevalent in the CKD cohort. Given this background, we hypothesize that low vitamin D status may act as a new CVD risk marker, and modulation of vitamin D signaling may be a potential therapeutic target to lower cardiovascular risk in CKD. The data presented in this review support that the low vitamin D status may be linked with the high cardiovascular risk in CKD, based on both the biological effects of vitamin D itself on the cardiovascular system, and the cross-actions between vitamin D signaling and the multiple metabolic pathways. Considering the high prevalence of hypovitaminosis D, limited natural vitamin D food sources, and reduced sun exposure in CKD patients, recommendations for treatment of hypovitaminosis D mainly focus on exogenous supplementation with vitamin D and its analogues. Although promising, when to start therapy, the route of administration, the dose, and the duration remain need to be discussed.

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Vitamin D and Diabetes

Cited by 52 publications

References 54 publications

The Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation on Cardiovascular Risk Factors among Minorities with Type 2 Diabetes

The Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation on Cardiovascular Risk Factors among Minorities with Type 2 Diabetes

Insulin resistance in therapeutic clinic

Modulation of vitamin D signaling is a potential therapeutic target to lower cardiovascular risk in chronic kidney disease

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