Vitamin D and calcium supplementation, skeletal muscle strength and serum testosterone in young healthy adult males: Randomized control trial

Saha, Soma; Goswami, Ravinder; Vishnubhatla, Sreenivas; Mahtab, Samrina; Kar, Parmita; Srinivasan, Sunita; Singh, Namrata; Singh, Upinderpal

doi:10.1111/cen.13507

Cited by 32 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…However, mean 25(OH)D values were still above 30.0 nmol/L, indicating absence of VDD in noteworthy fraction in summer. The higher mean serum 25(OH)D levels among indoors in the present study in comparison with values of 25.0 nmol/L in the previous studies could be explained by several ways. The realization of the importance of sunshine exposure among urban indoors in improving vitamin D status during the last two decades and/or inadvertent use of vitamin D supplements among indoors might explain their improved vitamin D status.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 60%

“…Meta‐analysis of studies assessing effect of vitamin D supplementation in apparently healthy subjects has not shown any remarkable effect on various functional outcomes . In fact, two randomized control trials from our centre showed no significant improvement in muscle strength despite significantly improved vitamin D status after six months of cholecalciferol supplementation . In this context, the present study does not show any functional impact of low serum 25(OH)D among indoors other than borderline raised serum PTH.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Serum 25(OH)D and iPTH assays were performed in the Department of Cardiac Biochemistry. The laboratory had participating in the Randox International quality Assessment Scheme (RIQAS, https://www.randox.com/riqas-external-quality-assessment), since 2014 for external quality assessment . The laboratory had acceptable performance in the RIQAS with ‘Standard Deviation Index’ of <0.60 (limit <2.0) during the study tenure.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Absence of vitamin D deficiency among common outdoor workers in Delhi

Dharmshaktu

Saha

Kar

et al. 2019

Clinical Endocrinology

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Background There is reservation about accepting the notion of widespread vitamin D deficiency (VDD) in sunny countries because information base is largely urban indoors, and the cut‐off serum 25(OH)D > 75.0 nmol/L to define sufficiency is perceived as high. Objective We assessed the vitamin D status of subjects engaged in six types of outdoor jobs with freedom to seek shade, when needed. Design Descriptive observational study. Subjects and methods A total of 573 outdoors, (hawkers, n = 144; auto‐rickshaw drivers, n = 113; manual rickshaw pullers, n = 49; fuel‐station attendants, n = 84; gardeners, n = 96; traffic police personnel, n = 87) were assessed for serum 25(OH)D, iPTH and total calcium during summer and winter. Bank employees were indoor controls (n = 72). Serum 25(OH)D was defined as sufficient if ≥50.0 nmol/L and deficient when <30.0 nmol/L, as per ‘Institute of Medicine’. Results Mean serum 25(OH)D of 573 outdoors was 44.8 ± 19.6 nmol/L and showed a physiological inverse relation with iPTH (P < 0.001). 77.5% of the outdoors did not have VDD. Hawkers, gardeners, fuel‐station attendants and rickshaw pullers had sufficient or near sufficient serum 25(OH)D. The mean serum 25(OH)D (30.6 ± 23.2 nmol/L) of indoors though lower by 12.7 nmol/L than outdoors was above the cut‐off of VDD. Proportions with supranormal iPTH were comparable between outdoors and indoors (14.0% vs 20.8%). Despite winter dip, the mean serum 25(OH)D (31.2 ± 14.3 nmol/l) of outdoors was not deficient. Conclusions Vitamin D deficiency is not universal. Most urban outdoor workers do not have VDD.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 60%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Absence of vitamin D deficiency among common outdoor workers in Delhi

Dharmshaktu

Saha

Kar

et al. 2019

Clinical Endocrinology

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“…Vitamin D supplements appear to improve muscle strength, more so in patients in institutions and with baseline 25(OH)D levels below 30 nmol/L, but high dose supplementation may be deleterious . Confirming the lack of effect of vitamin D on muscle function, even in situations of moderate deficiency, recent studies in young men and women with baseline 25(OH)D levels of about 20 nmol/L have not shown any effects on muscle strength after supplementation to about 75 nmol/L …”

Section: Non‐skeletal Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Controversies in medicine: the role of calcium and vitamin D supplements in adults

Reid

Bolland

2019

Medical Journal of Australia

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Summary Vitamin D is made in the skin when exposed to sunlight, so deficiency is usually the result of low sunlight exposure (eg, in frail older people and in individuals who are veiled). Calcium and/or vitamin D supplements have been used for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. The major trials in community‐dwelling individuals have not demonstrated fracture prevention with either calcium, vitamin D, or their combination, but the results of a large study in vitamin D‐deficient nursing home residents indicated a reduced fracture incidence. Trials show that vitamin D increases bone density when winter 25‐hydroxyvitamin D levels are below 25–30 nmol/L. However, assay expense and variability suggest that supplements are better targeted based on clinical status to frail older people and possibly to people with dark skin living at higher latitudes. A daily dose of 400–800 units (10–20 μg) is usually adequate. Parenteral antiresorptive drugs can cause hypocalcaemia in severe vitamin D deficiency (< 25 nmol/L), which should therefore be corrected before treatment. Clinical trials have not demonstrated benefits of vitamin D on non‐skeletal endpoints. Calcium supplements in healthy individuals are not needed, nor are they required in most people receiving treatment for osteoporosis, where they have not been shown to affect treatment efficacy. Calcium supplements cause constipation, bloating and kidney stones, and some evidence suggests they may cause a small increase in the risk of myocardial infarction. Low dose vitamin D is safe, but high doses result in more falls and fractures. Current evidence does not support the use of these supplements in healthy community‐dwelling adults.

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“…exclusion criteria of the participants (not all vascular ED), the cardiovascular effects of vitamin D are not proper to be regarded as the sole causative factor. Furthermore, several studies have also observed a possible relationship between serum testosterone levels and vitamin D levels(Chin, Ima-Nirwana, & Wan Ngah, 2015;Wang et al, 2015) that had a concordant seasonal variation(Saha et al, 2018). Vitamin D receptor is also present in the testis (Blomberg Jensen et al, 2010), pituitary gland and hypothalamus (Saha et al, 2018), while vitamin D receptor gene knockout mice developed hypergonadotropic hypogonadism(Kinuta et al, 2000).…”

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confidence: 99%

Serum vitamin D levels and erectile dysfunction: A systematic review and meta-analysis

2018

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Suboptimal levels of serum vitamin D levels have been implied to be associated with cardiovascular diseases and endothelial dysfunction, conditions closely associated with erectile dysfunction (ED). The present systematic review and meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the vitamin D levels in subjects with ED compared to controls and the 5-item version of the international index of erectile function (IIEF-5) score in subjects with vitamin D deficiency compared to those without vitamin D deficiency in order to elucidate the role of vitamin D in the pathogenesis of ED. Studies evaluating the possible association between vitamin D levels and ED were initially screened and thus included following electronic literature search of database Cochrane Library, PUBMED, EMBASE and MEDLINE. Essential article information including outcome measures was extracted from the qualified studies by two independent authors, and STATA 12.0 software was used conducted the meta-analysis. Subgroup analyses were conducted by vitamin D detection methods and sample size. The standard mean difference (SMD) as well as the 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) was applied to estimate the outcome measures. A total of seven articles were included in our meta-analysis with a total of 4,132 subjects. Pooled estimate was in favour of increased vitamin D levels in subjects without ED with a SMD of 3.027 ng/ml, 95%CI 2.290-3.314, p = 0.000. However, subgroup analysis showed an opposite trend, after one study with a sample size over 1,000 that could possibly influence the weight balance was excluded, with a SMD of 0.267, 95%CI −0.052 to 0.585, p = 0.101. We also identified about 0.320 higher in IIEF-5 score (95%CI = 0.146-0.494, p = 0.000) in subjects without vitamin D deficiency versus with vitamin D deficiency. Nevertheless, subgroup analysis based on vitamin D detection methods obtained differential results (radioimmunoassay subgroup, SMD(95%CI) = 0.573 (0.275-0.870), p = 0.000; immunoassay subgroup, SMD(95%CI) = 0.189 (−0.025 to 0.404), p = 0.084). In conclusion, results from the present meta-analysis did not provide a strong relationship between vitamin D and the risk of ED. However, the results should be interpreted with caution and more high quality studies are warranted. K E Y W O R D S5-item version of the international index of erection function, erectile dysfunction, metaanalysis of VD and ED, meta-analysis, vitamin D

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Vitamin D and calcium supplementation, skeletal muscle strength and serum testosterone in young healthy adult males: Randomized control trial

Abstract: Six months of cholecalciferol/calcium supplementation had no significant effect on skeletal muscle strength and serum testosterone in young adult males.

Cited by 32 publications

References 39 publications

Absence of vitamin D deficiency among common outdoor workers in Delhi

Absence of vitamin D deficiency among common outdoor workers in Delhi

Controversies in medicine: the role of calcium and vitamin D supplements in adults

Serum vitamin D levels and erectile dysfunction: A systematic review and meta-analysis

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