Vitamin D and Calcium Abnormalities in the HIV-Infected Population

Escota, Gerome; Cross, Sara; Powderly, William G.

doi:10.1016/j.ecl.2014.05.005

Cited by 13 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 186 publications

(178 reference statements)

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“…However, we aimed to draw attention to the mean age of the patients in the study population (34 years) as well as the absence of exposure to ART. Dark pigmentation of the skin, obesity, low sun exposure, low intake of vitamin D, injecting drug use, sedentary lifestyle, smoking, kidney disease, liver disease, and intestinal malabsorption 15 are the traditional risk factors of low vitamin D levels; in addition HIV infection may reduce vitamin D levels by inducing the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α which inhibits renal hydroxylation, as well as the decrease in serum levels due to the association of the activity of macrophages and lymphocytes and the progression of infection 14 . We should also mention the change in the reference value of 25-OH D3 serum levels: classification of insufficient vitamin D levels is considered absent, omitting risk values.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The level of 25-OH D3 was measured by the chemiluminescence method using a commercial 25-OH D3 kit and automatic analyzer (Cobas 6000, model E601, Roche Diagnostics © Risch-Rotkreuz, Suíça). The cutoff levels for vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency were 21-29ng/ml and ≤20ng/ml, respectively 14,15 . PTH levels were evaluated using the Human Bone Metabolism Kit (Merck Millipore © , Brazil).…”

Section: Ethical Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A cutoff value of 30 ng/mL is sometimes used for defining optimal vitamin status. Many patients have been diagnosed with vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency based on measurement of 25-OH D3 concentrations, even when most of them have no evidence of disease [14][15] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Prevalence of low bone mass and changes in vitamin D levels in human immunodeficiency virus-infected adults unexposed to antiretrovirals

Guimarães

Kakehasi

et al. 2018

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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Introduction: The prevalence of low bone mass is 3 times higher in people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH) and using antiretrovirals than in the HIV-unaffected population. Changes in vitamin D levels is one of the factors associated with decreased bone mass. The objective of this study is to evaluate the low bone mass and altered vitamin D levels in PLWH who have not been exposed to antiretrovirals. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out with HIV-infected individuals between the ages of 18 and 55 years immediately prior to the start of antiretroviral therapy in a specialized reference center focusing on infectious and parasitic diseases. Results of clinical examination (patient's weight, height, blood pressure, and clinical history), laboratory tests, and X-ray absorptiometry, were collected. Results: Sixty patients were included, with a mean age of 34 years. Nine (16.7%) patients presented with low bone mass and 4 (7.1%) patients showed low total femur BMD. Analysis revealed that 23.3% and 36.7% of the patients had deficient and insufficient levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3, respectively. Conclusions: Our study population presented with compromised bone health and with low bone mineral density and 25-(OH)-vitamin D levels.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ethical Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Prevalence of low bone mass and changes in vitamin D levels in human immunodeficiency virus-infected adults unexposed to antiretrovirals

Guimarães

Kakehasi

et al. 2018

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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“…National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey estimated the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency as 79% among adults [4]. In India, prevalence of severe Vitamin D Deficiency was 27% among adolescent males and 42% among females [5].…”

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confidence: 99%

Increasing Vitamin D Deficiency among Adults

Chandran

Gedam

2015

Int J Med Res Rev

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“…Therefore, EFV associated vitamin D deficiency may have potential adverse effects on bone health. [21][22][23][24] The growing number of HIV infected pregnant and lactating women on TDF/EFV containing regimens for PMTCT has the potential to have a negative impact on bone health of their infants and young children. Consequently, failure to achieve adequate bone mass during early infancy may predispose these infants to increased risk of childhood fractures and osteoporosis in adulthood.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%