Vitamin D and adolescents: what do we know?

Stoffman, Nava; Gordon, Catherine M.

doi:10.1097/mop.0b013e32832da096

Cited by 30 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 114 publications

(157 reference statements)

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“…Dietary records showed an average intake (without supplementation) of 675 mg calcium, 3.8 mcg vitamin D, 1110 mg phosphorus, and 282 mg magnesium. Eighty percent of subjects had intakes below the Daily Recommended Intake (DRI) for calcium and 75% had intakes below the DRI for Vitamin D. Mean plasma 25-hydroxy vitamin D level was 27 ± 11 ng/ml (reference range 32-100 ng/ml), with 80% of subjects below the sufficient range (Stoffman and Gordon 2009). …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The adult galactosemic phenotype

Waisbren¹,

Potter

Gordon³

et al. 2011

J of Inher Metab Disea

158

171

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BackgroundClassic galactosemia is an autosomal recessive disorder due to galactose‐1‐phosphate uridyltransferase (GALT) deficiency. Newborn screening and early treatment do not completely prevent tremor, speech deficits, and diminished IQ in both sexes and premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) in women. Data on how individuals with galactosemia fare as adults will improve our ability to predict disease progression.MethodsThirty‐three adults (mean age = 32.6 ± 11.7 years; range = 18–59) with classic galactosemia, confirmed by genotype and undetectable GALT enzyme activity, were evaluated. Analyses assessed associations among age, genotype, clinical features and laboratory measures.ResultsThe sample included 17 men and 16 women. Subjects exhibited cataracts (21%), low bone density (24%), tremor (46%), ataxia (15%), dysarthria (24%), and apraxia of speech (9%). Subjects reported depression (39%) and anxiety (67%). Mean full scale IQ was 88 ± 20, (range = 55–122). All subjects followed a dairy‐free diet and 75–80% reported low intake of calcium and vitamin D. Mean height, weight and body mass were within established norms. All female subjects had been diagnosed with POI. One woman and two men had had children. Logistic regression analyses revealed no associations between age, genotype or gender with IQ, tremor, ataxia, dysarthria, apraxia of speech or anxiety. Each 10‐ year increment of age was associated with a twofold increase in odds of depression.ConclusionsTaken together, these data do not support the hypothesis that galactosemia is a progressive neurodegenerative disease. However, greater attention to depression, anxiety, and social relationships may relieve the impact of this disorder in adults.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The adult galactosemic phenotype

Waisbren¹,

Potter

Gordon³

et al. 2011

J of Inher Metab Disea

158

171

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“…Thus, vitamin D requirements increase during puberty. Therefore, a vitamin deficiency during this period could affect both calcium absorption and bone formation (15,16).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of puberty on vitamin D status in obese children and the possible relation between vitamin D deficiency and insulin resistance

Medina

Gavela-Pérez

Domínguez-Garrido

et al. 2015

Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism

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Background: Puberty can affect vitamin D levels. Objectives: The goal of this study was to analyze the relation between vitamin D deficiency and puberty in obese Spanish children, along with the possible interrelation between vitamin D status and degree of insulin resistance. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out, in which clinical and biochemical data were gathered from 120 obese and 50 normal weight children between January 2011 and January 2013. Results: Mean vitamin D levels were 19.5 and 31.6 ng/mL in obese pubertal and obese prepubertal children, respectively. About 75% of the obese pubertal subjects and 46% of the obese prepubertal subjects had vitamin D deficiency. Vitamin D levels were significantly lower in pubescent subjects compared with pre-pubescent subjects in summer, fall, and winter. There was no apparent relation between vitamin D levels and homeostasis model assessment index for insulin resistence (expressed in standard deviation score for sex and Tanner stage) in either puberty or pre-puberty. Conclusion: Puberty may be a risk factor for the vitamin D deficiency commonly found in the obese child population. This deficiency is not associated with higher insulin resistance in obese pubertal children compared with obese prepubertal children.

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“…It would be assumed that in the sunniest areas of the world, this problem would not be common. However, in studies from Saudi Arabia, Iran, Australia, India, Brazil, Lebanon and Turkey, 30−50 % of children and adults were reported to have levels of vitamin D less than 20 ng/mL (14, 15, 16, 17). In a study from Turkey, the prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency in adolescents was estimated as 72% (18).…”

Section: Prevalencementioning

confidence: 99%

Nutritional Rickets-Review

Özkan¹

2010

jcrpe

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Nutritional rickets (NR) is still the most common form of growing bone disease despite the efforts of health care providers to reduce the incidence of the disease. Today, it is well known that the etiology of NR ranges from isolated vitamin D deficiency (VDD) to isolated calcium deficiency. In Turkey, almost all NR cases result from VDD. Recent evidence suggests that in addition to its short− or long−term effects on skeletal development, VDD during infancy may predispose the patient to diseases such as diabetes mellitus, cancer and multiple sclerosis. Among the factors responsible for the high prevalence of VDD in developing countries and its resurgence in developed countries is limited sunshine exposure due to individuals’ spending more time indoors (watching television and working on computer) or avoiding sun exposure intentionally for fear of skin cancer. Traditional clothing (covering the entire body except the face and hands) further limits the exposure time to sunlight and, thus, decreases the endogenous synthesis of vitamin D. In Turkey, maternal VDD and exclusive breastfeeding without supplementation were reported to be the most prominent reasons leading to NR. The diagnosis of NR is established by a thorough history and physical examination and confirmed by laboratory evaluation. Recent reports draw attention to the supplemental doses of vitamin D required to achieve a serum 25−hydroxyvitamin D level of at least 20 ng/ml (50 nmol/l) − the serum concentration that is needed to optimize absorption of dietary calcium and to suppress excessive secretion of parathyroid hormone. This type of prevention will also reduce fracture risk as well as prevent long−term negative effect of vitamin D insufficiency.Conflict of interest:None declared.

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Vitamin D and adolescents: what do we know?

Cited by 30 publications

References 114 publications

The adult galactosemic phenotype

The adult galactosemic phenotype

The influence of puberty on vitamin D status in obese children and the possible relation between vitamin D deficiency and insulin resistance

Nutritional Rickets-Review

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